Communication Foundations for

English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Level 1

 

 

 

By

 

 

Gary Affholter and Cheryl Garayta, Lansing Community College

 

 

 

 

 

Communication Foundations for English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Level 1 by Gary Affholter and Cheryl Garayta is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Preface

 

This text was made possible through Lansing Community College’s Open Educational Resources (OER) award program. This is the first of a five-level series of open textbooks for ESOL students created by the ESOL faculty team at Lansing Community College.

 

Our goal was threefold. First, we wanted to create a set of texts for adult ESOL students that would integrate skills across language skill areas: Reading, Speaking, Vocabulary, Listening, Grammar, and Writing. Second, we worked to scaffold skill instruction across levels so that students would experience a connected instructional approach as they progressed through an ESOL program. Finally, we wanted to incorporate instruction focused on communication skills for life and work with academic preparation because our students’ goals include completing a postsecondary training program. This text is a mix of original work; readings from the public domain; reading selections licensed under Creative Commons CC-BY licenses; links to external websites for videos and other reading  material; and images from Openclipart.org, Flickr.com, and Pixabay.com.

 

Communication Foundations was created for students at the Low Beginning level. The companion texts, Communication Basics and Pre-Academic Communication, were written for students at the High Beginning and Low Intermediate skill levels . Bridge to College English Skills and College English Skills, designed for High Intermediate and Advanced-level students, shift to an English for Academic Purposes (EAP) instructional focus as students move into entry-level college courses at these levels. Our students include immigrants, refugees, permanent residents, U.S. citizens, and International F-1 visa holders and come from Central and South America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. We hope that this text will help you as you work with your students. Please revise, remix, and adapt to meet your students’ needs.

 

Gary Affholter, Ed.S, Adjunct Professor, ESOL

Cheryl Garayta, Ed.D, Director, Integrated English Area

Lansing Community College

September 2018

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Communication Foundations for English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Level 1 by Gary Affholter and Cheryl Garayta is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Table of Contents

Part 1 – Reading and Speaking Foundations

 

Unit 1………………………………………………………………………………………………5

Topics: Vocabulary – Personal Information; Speaking – Giving Personal Information, Using Greetings; Listening – Listening for Personal Information, Understanding Relaxed Speech, Listening for Short A Sound, Listening for Long A Sound, Listening for Long A Homonyms; Spelling and Pronunciation – Short A Spellings, Long A Spellings, Long A Homonyms, Relaxed Speech; Reading – Reading for Supporting Details

 

Attributions Unit 1…………………………………………………………………………….22

 

Unit 2……………………………………………………………………………………………25

Topics: Vocabulary – Jobs, Numbers, Days of the Week, Time of Day; Speaking Describing Daily Routine, Asking Questions about Daily Routine; Listening – Listening for

Day and Time, Understanding Relaxed Speech, Listening for Short E Sound, Distinguishing between Short A and Short E Sound; Spelling and Pronunciation – Short

E Spellings, Relaxed Speech; Reading – Reading for Main Idea and Supporting Details

 

Attributions Unit 2……………………………………………………………………………………43

 

Unit 3…………………………………………………………………………………….47

Topics: Vocabulary – Family, Colors, Descriptive Adjectives, Adverbs for Location; Speaking –  Describing Family and Family Relationships, Describing People, Making Introductions, Asking for and Giving Directions, Arranging Meetings / Appointments, Giving Directions to Complete Process; Listening – Listening for Information about

Family Relationships, Listening for Directions, Understanding Relaxed Speech,

Listening for Short E Sound (Variant Spellings); Spelling and Pronunciation – Variant

Short E Spellings, Relaxed Speech; Reading – Reading for Main Idea and Supporting

Details, Using Context Clues

 

Attributions Unit 3…………………………………………………………………………….68

 

Unit 4…………………………………………………………………………………….73

Topics: Vocabulary – Rooms, Household Items, Furniture, Food, Quantities, Money,

Fractions, Math Terms, Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers; Speaking – Making Purchases, Giving Recipe Directions, Using Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers, Describing Household –

Rooms / Furniture / Items, Use Polite Expressions in Conversation; Listening – Listening for Location, Listening for Price, Listening for Descriptions, Listening for Math Information, Listening for Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers, Understanding Relaxed Speech, Listening for Short I Sound, Distinguishing between Short A, Short E, and Short I Sound; Spelling and Pronunciation – Short I Sound, Relaxed Speech; Reading –

Reading for Main Idea, Supporting Details, Statements of Fact and Opinion, Making

Simple Inferences Related to Reading Passages

 

Attributions Unit 4…………………………………………………………………………..102

Part 2 Grammar and Writing Foundations

Unit 1……………………………………………………………………………………109

Topics: Grammar – Subject Pronouns; Verb “Be” Present – Statements, Questions, Negatives, Short Answers, Questions Words, Contractions; Writing – Capital Letters, Periods, Apostrophes, Writing Complete Sentences

 

Attributions Unit 1…………………………………………………………………………123

 

Unit 2……………………………………………………………………………………128

Topics: Grammar –  Present Tense – Statements, Questions, Negatives, Short Answers, Question Words, Contractions; Writing – Sentence Writing, Paragraph Format

 

Attributions Unit 2…………………………………………………………………..158

 

Unit 3…………………………………………………………………………………..169

Topics: Grammar – Verbs “Have” and “Do” – Statements, Questions, Negatives, Short Answers, Question Words, Contractions, Prepositions, Possessive Adjectives;

Writing –  Simple Paragraphs

 

Attributions Unit 3…………………………………………………………………..185

 

Unit 4…………………………………………………………………………………..186

Topics: Grammar – Word Order, Count / Non-Count Nouns, Quantities; Writing –  Listing Steps in a Process, Simple Paragraphs

 

Attributions Unit 4…………………………………………………………………………..194

 

 

Part 1

 

Reading and Speaking Foundations

 

 

 

 

 

• Default
• ProWritingAid
• Dark City
• Easter Egg
• Celebration
• Downpour
• Take Flight
• Jewels
• Vampire
• Black On White
• White On Black
• Sun Set
• Curry
• Forest
• Midnight Forest
• Field of Flowers
• Bluebell Glade
• Landscape
• Bright
• Army
• Coffee Lover
• Sky
• I Love Purple
• Aqua
• Gingko
• Earthy
• Sand
• Goldfish Tank

Unit 1

Speaking

 

Alphabet

 

Practice 1

Repeat the alphabet.

 

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz

Practice 2

Listen and follow along with the song:

 

Alphabet Song

 

Practice 3

Write the letters of the alphabet you hear. Write both the capital and the small letter:

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

 

Practice 4

Spell the names you hear. Listen and write.

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

 

Vocabulary

Listen and repeat after your teacher.

 

Nouns (Names of People, Places, or Things)

 

Address	335 South Washington Street
Book
City
Country
Name	Maria, Lin, Yang, Hassam
Mr.	Mr. Hernandez
Mrs.	Mr. Saweja and Mrs. Saweja
Ms.	Ms. Yang
Dr.	Dr. Mohammed
Number	1, 2, 3, 4
Paper
Pencil
Pen
Language	English, French, Farsi, Arabic, Vietnamese, Burmese, Russian

 

Pronouns (Words That Substitute for a Noun)

It	They

 

Verbs (Actions or Forms of Be)

Ask
Meet

 

 

Adjectives (Describe Nouns or Pronouns)

One	1
Two	2
Three	3
Four	4
Five	5
Six	6
Seven	7
Eight	8
Nine	9
Ten	10
Eleven	11
Twelve	12
Thirteen	13
Fourteen	14
Fifteen	15
Sixteen	16
Seventeen	17
Eighteen	18
Nineteen	19
Twenty	20
Nationality	English, French, Somali, Burmese, Thai, Iraqi

 

Adverbs (Show When, Where, Why, How, or To What Extent)

When	?
Where	?

 

Expressions (Idioms)

Goodbye / Bye
Hello / Hi
Me, too.
Yes / Yeah
No
Ok

 

Relaxed Pronunciation

 

In everday conversation, people do not pronounce every letter and part of a word clearly. Speakers combine sounds and sometimes eliminate letter sounds. This type of speech is called relaxed pronunciation. It’s important to learn to understand relaxed pronunciation because this is the type of speech you hear in most daily situations, including when you watch tv, see movies, or listen to the radio. One of the best ways to learn to understand relaxed pronunciation is to practice speaking with this pronunciation style.

 

 

Practice 5

Story Telling: Listen and repeat. Use relaxed pronunciation.

 

		Maria. Your name?
Ali	Country?	Cuba. You?   You?
Iraq. English. .class?   You?	Yes. Level 1. You?	Me, too.

 

1. Maria and Ali are at school.
2. Ali says “Hello” to Maria.
3. Maria says “Hi” and asks Ali his name.
4. Ali tells Maria his name.
5. Ali asks Maria where she’s from.
6. Maria says she’s from Cuba and asks Ali where he is from.
7. Ali says he’s from Iraq and asks Maria if she is in the English class.
8. Maria says she is in Level 1.
9. Ali says he is, too.

 

Practice 6

Dialogue 1: Practice with a partner. Practice using relaxed pronunciation.

 

A: Hello, my name is ________________.

B: Hello, I’m _______________.

A: Where are you from?

B: I’m from _____________. How about you?

A: I’m from _____________. Are you in the English class?

B: Yes, I’m in Level 1.

A: Me, too. It’s nice to meet you.

B: Nice to meet you. Let’s go to class.

A: OK.

 

Practice 7

Map Game: Find your country. State your name and tell where you are from. Example: My name is Marta. I am from Portugal.

 

 

 

Practice 8

Map Game: Find a city. State where the city is located.

Example: Cleveland is in Ohio.

 

 

Practice 9

Conversation Practice: Practice meeting your classmates. Ask and answer questions with your classmates. Practice using relaxed pronunciation.

 

A: Hi. My name is ___________________. What’s yours?

B: I’m ________________.

A: Nice to meet you, ______________. Where are you from?

B: I’m from ______________________. How about you?

A: I’m from _________________.

 

Practice 10

Memory Game: Listen to your classmates describe themselves. Then restate their information.

 

A: I’m Paolo. I’m from Brazil. I speak Portuguese.

1. He’s Paolo. He’s from Brazil. He speaks Portuguese.

 

Practice 11

Dialogue 2: Practice with a partner. Practice using relaxed pronunciation.

 

1. Excuse me, I’m looking for Room ________________.
2. I’m going there now. Let me show you where it is.
3. Thank you. My name is __________________. I’m taking English Level 1.
4. Nice to meet you, ________________. I’m ______________ (with title). I’m your teacher.

 

Practice 12

List the name of the country and the language of the country.

Countries: France, Vietnam, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, China, Turkey, Korea, Germany, Dominican Republic

 

Languages: Portuguese, Korean, Arabic, German, Turkish, Chinese, Spanish, French, Vietnamese, Farsi

 

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

 

 

Practice 13

Dictation: You will hear the sentences with the speaker using relaxed American pronunciation. Listen and write using correct spelling. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

Reading

 

Starting School

Read the information in this school application.

 

Lansing Community College – Application for Admission Last Name   Renault First Name  Paul M.I. F. Address 1016 Elm St. City Lansing Zip Code  48912 Date of Birth (Month) July (Day)  20   (Year)  1987 Country of Birth Haiti Date of High School Completion 2005

 

Practice 14

Comprehension: Answer questions about the information on the form.

 

1. What is the name of the school? ______________________________________
2. What is the family name of the student? ________________________________
3. What is the first name of the student? __________________________________
4. Paul Renault has a middle name: François. The letter F. after the letters M.I. for middle initial means________________________________________________
5. I. means Middle Initial. Since “F” is Paul’s middle initial, and “François” is Paul’s middle name, what does “initial” mean? ___________________________
6. What country is Paul from? __________________________________________
7. What is his birth date? ______________________________________________
8. How old is Paul? __________________________________________________

 

Practice 15

View the ad for school supplies by clicking on the link. Then, answer questions about the ad.

 

School Supplies

 

1. List the vocabulary items that you see pictured in the ad. ________________________________________________________________

 

2. Notebooks are $4.99. How much are 3 notebooks? ________________________________________________________________

 

3. A calculator is $15.79. Which is more money: a notebook or a calculator? ________________________________________________________________

 

4. If one pencil is 79¢, how much are ten pencils? ________________________________________________________________

 

5. How much is it to buy 1 calculator, five pencils, and a notebook? ________________________________________________________________

 

Spelling and Pronunciation

 

Practice 16

Listen to the sound for each letter of the English alphabet:

 

Practice repeating the letter sounds.

 

Alphabet Song With Letter Sounds

 

English spelling and pronunciation can seem complicated. That is mainly because the English alphabet has 26 letters, but many of the letters can make more than one sound. The sound depends on where the letter is in the word and on other letters near the word.

 

English spelling and pronunciation is VERY regular. What is important is to understand the spelling patterns that make the sounds.

 

English contains 5 letters that are vowels, but these letters can make 20 vowel sounds. Knowing the spelling patterns for the sounds, and the exception words that also make the sound, is the secret to understanding English spelling and pronunciation.

 

Each vowel has a Short sound, a long sound, and a sound the letter makes when followed by “R”. There are also several unique sounds made by combinations of vowels. These sounds are called “dipthongs”.

 

In this unit, we will focus on the Short and Long sounds for the letter A.

 

Practice 17

Listen to the sound for short a: Practice repeating the letter sounds.

 

Short A Pronunciation

 

Here are some common words with this sound. Listen to your teacher pronounce the words: At, Bag, Back, Cat, Cab, Fast, Ask, Hat.

 

In the words listed, you see this spelling pattern: Vowel Consonant.

A consonant may come before the vowel “a”: bag, back, cat, cab, fast, hat.

 

More than one consonant may come after the vowel “a”: back, fast.

 

Practice 18

Write the words you hear:

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

 

Spelling and pronunciation rules for “c” and “k”.

1. “C” sounds like “k” before “a”, “o”, and “u”: cat, cot, cut.

 

2. After a short vowel sound like the “a” in “cat” or “bag”, use “ck” to spell the “k” sound: back, black, pack, sack, tack, hack.

 

3. The short A sound is made when you see the spelling pattern _A_ EXCEPT when the final letter is R, W or Y, or in words with the pattern ALL.

 

 

Practice 19

Write the words you hear:

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

 

Exception

The word “laugh” has the same sound as “cat”. This is the ONLY common English word with this spelling for this sound.

Practice 20

Write the words you hear:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

 

Practice 21

Now, listen to the sound for long a: Practice repeating the letter sounds.

 

Long A Sound

 

Here are some common words with this sound. Listen to your teacher pronounce the words: Main, Mane, Rain, Rein, May.

 

In the words listed, you see several different spelling patters. All of these spelling patterns make the long a sound. Besides the few exceptions listed below, ONLY these spelling patterns make the long a sound: _A_E (the e is silent – not pronounced), AI, EI (after all letters EXCEPT C), AY, and EY (EXCEPT the word key).

 

Long A Exception Words

The words listed below have the long a sound. These are exceptions you must learn. Usually the vowel combinations in these words have another vowel sound.

 

EA	Bear
	Wear
ERE	There
	Where

 

 

Practice 22

Write the words you hear:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

 

Homonyms

The term homonym, or homophone, means that two or more words sound EXACTLY the same but have different spellings AND different meanings. Some examples are below:

 

 

Long A Homonyms

Word	Meaning
Main	Most Important: Main Street, Main Office, Main Idea
Mane
Maine	State of Maine
Rain
Rein
Reign	Time a King or Queen Is in Power
Pain	Hurt
Pane
Tail
Tale	Story, Usually for Children
Sail
Sale	Lower Price Than Usual
They
Their	Their Book
There	Direction

 

Because these words sound the same, the ONLY way to tell which word the speaker means is from the sentence, the context (meaning in sentence.) This is true for Native English speakers as well as for people learning English.

 

 

Practice 23

Write the words you hear: Listen to the sentence to know which word is being used.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

 

Practice 24

Listen to the difference between short a and long a. Practice repeating the sounds you hear.

 

Short A and Long A Sounds

 

Practice 25

Write the words you hear. The words may be Short A sounds, Long A sounds, Exception spelling for Short A, and may include homonyms. Listen to the sentence to help you know which word is being used.

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

 

 

 

 

Attributions: Unit 1 Reading and Speaking

 

books – coloured by frankes is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/245570/bookes-coloured

 

Colorful City Landscape by GDJ is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/253159/colorful-city-landscape

 

Modern Art World Map by GDJ is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain Licensehttps://openclipart.org/detail/244835/modern-art-world-map

 

Man in Suit by Gerald_G is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/395/man-in-suit

 

Business man and woman – positive looking by Juhele is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/285001/business-mand-and-woman-positive-looking

 

Confident Buisness Woman by ginkgo is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/251195/confident-buisness-woman

 

Doctor holding clipboard by The Martin is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/262573/doctor-holding-clipboard

 

Stack of white paper by maestrawalker is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/256933/stack-of-white-paper

 

Colored Pencils by GDJ is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/244853/colored-pencils

 

Pen remix by monsterbraingames is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/download/204996/pen-uliphant-remix-monsterBraingames.svg

 

Phone Icon 2 by FX13 is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/294401/phone-icon-2

 

pronoun, I by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191099/pronoun-i

 

pronoun, we by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191094/pronoun-we

 

pronoun, you by loveandread https://openclipart.org/detail/191102/pronoun-youye https://openclipart.org/detail/191100/pronoun-you

 

pronoun, you(ye) by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191102/pronoun-youye

 

pronoun, he by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191097/pronoun-he

 

pronoun, they by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191095/pronoun-they

 

pronoun, she by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191096/pronoun-she

 

pronoun, they by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191095/pronoun-they

 

Book by Tibetan_Fox is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191668/book

 

books – coloured by frankes is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/245570/bookes-coloured

 

NEW: Questions Asked Clipart? by openclipart https://openclipart.org/detail/237835/NEW-Questions-Asked-Clipart

 

Nice to meet you by Firkin is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/291563/nice-to-meet-you

 

clock is pointing at three o’clock by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191014/clock-is-pointing-at-three-oclock

 

World Cities Map by mapsopensource is licensed under a Creative Commons 3.0 Unported License http://www.mapsopensource.com/world-cities-map.html

 

Smiley Waving Goodbyeby barnheartowl is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/download/215285/sad-face-waving.svg

 

Man Hello by cyberscooty is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/247271/man-hello

 

Right or wrong 4 by Arnoud999 is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/15814/right-or-wrong-4

 

yes by skind is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/96283/yes

 

No button. Boton No by Ehecatl1138 is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/158779/no-button-boton-no

 

Right or wrong 4 by Arnoud999 is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/15814/right-or-wrong-4

 

World Cities Map by mapsopensource is licensed under a Creative Commons 3.0 Unported License http://www.mapsopensource.com/world-cities-map.html

 

Man Hello by cyberscooty is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/247271/man-hello

 

School by eternaltyro is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/176546/school

 

Man Hello by cyberscooty is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/247271/man-hello

 

Woman waving hello by anarres is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/283171/woman-waving-hello

 

Woman waving hello by anarres is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/283171/woman-waving-hello

 

Man Hello by cyberscooty is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/247271/man-hello

 

Man Hello by cyberscooty is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/247271/man-hello

 

Woman waving hello by anarres is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/283171/woman-waving-hello

 

Man Hello by cyberscooty is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/247271/man-hello

 

Woman waving hello by anarres is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/283171/woman-waving-hello

 

Man Hello by cyberscooty is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/247271/man-hellohttps://openclipart.org/detail/283171/woman-waving-hello

 

World Cities Map by mapsopensource is licensed under a Creative Commons 3.0 Unported License http://www.mapsopensource.com/world-cities-map.html

 

Usa Cities Map by mapsopensource is licensed under a Creative Commons 3.0 Unported License http://www.mapsopensource.com/usa-cities-map.html

 

Majestic Running Horse (Cream) by Falco276 is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/303963/majestic-running-horse-cream

lion by kwstasm83 is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/179198/lion

 

rain – coloured by frankes is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/214409/rain-coloured

 

Round Up Calgary by Bernard Spragg. NZ. Is in the Public Domain. https://www.flickr.com/photos/volvob12b/9632913301/

Window by ali2013 is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/173814/window

Hunting Dog by j4p4n is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/234614/hunting-dog

Red sail boat 1 by ejmillan is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/240535/red-sail-boat-1

 

pronoun, they by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License

https://openclipart.org/detail/191095/pronoun-they

 

pronoun, they by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License

https://openclipart.org/detail/191095/pronoun-they

 

 

Unit 2

Vocabulary

 

Nouns (Names of People, Places, Things)

 

Waiter
Cook
Landscaper
Mechanic
Teacher
Nurse
Police Officer
Firefighter
Computer Technician
Welder
Driver
Cashier
Job / Work	Teacher, Business Person, Driver, Welder
Computer
Monitor
Keyboard
Mouse
Calendar
Clock

 

Verbs (Action or Form of Verb Be)

Work	Cook, Teach, Write, Drive, Weld
Cook
Clean
Plant
Drive
Type
Design
Take Care Of
Greet
Put Out
Wake Up
Study

 

Adjectives (Describe Nouns or Pronouns)

Twenty-one	21
Thirty	30
Forty	40
Fifty	50
Sixty	60
Seventy	70
Eighty	80
Ninety	90
One Hundred	100
One Hundred One	101
One Thousand	1000
One Thousand One	1,001

 

One Thousand One Hundred OR Eleven Hundred	1,100
Two Thousand	2,000
Ten Thousand	10,000
One Hundred Thousand	1000,000
One Million	1,000,000

 

Days of the Week

Sunday	Monday	Tuesday	Wednesday	Thursday	Friday	Saturday
1	2	3	4	5	6	7
8	9	10	11	12	13	14
15	16	17	18	19	20	21
22	23	24	25	26	27	28
29	30	31

 

Telling Time – Hours

 

Use numbers 1 through 12 for hours, followed by “o’clock”: 1 o’clock, 2 o’clock, 3 o’clock, 4 o’clock, 5 o’clock, 6 o’clock, 7 o’clock, 8 o’clock, 9 o’clock, 10 o’clock, 11 o’clock, 12 o’clock.

 

Use “noon” for 12 o’clock in the middle of the day and “midnight” for 12 o’clock at night.

 

The day begins at midnight.

 

Use the expression “a.m.” for times before the middle of the day and “p.m.” for times after the middle of the day.

 

1 p.m. is one o’clock in the afternoon. 1 a.m. is one o’clock at night, because the next day begins at midnight.

 

Practice 1

Name the times that are shown on each clock. Write the time expression using words and then using numbers. The first item is an example.

 

	Eleven o’clock. 11:00.
	(3 possible answers)

Telling Time – Half Hours

 

Use the expression _____:30 for the half hour. Some English speakers also say, “half past _________” or “30 minutes past __________”.

Practice 2

Name the times that are shown on each clock. Write the time expression using words and then using numbers. The first item is an example.

 

	Seven thirty. 7:30. Half past seven. 7:30. Thirty minutes past seven. 7:30.

Telling Time – 15 Minutes After an Hour

 

Use the expression _____:15 for 15 minutes after the hour. Some English speakers also say, “a quarter past _________” or “15 minutes past __________” or “15 minutes after _______”.

Practice 3

Name the times that are shown on each clock. Write the time expression using words and then using numbers. The first item is an example.

 

	Five fifteen. 5:15. A quarter past five. 5:15. Fifteen minutes five. 5:15.

Telling Time – 45 Minutes After an Hour

 

Use the expression “______:45” for 45 minutes after an hour. Some English speakers also say this time means 15 minutes BEFORE the next hour. So, 10:45 may also be expressed as “15 to 11” or “a quarter to 11”.

Practice 4

Name the hours that are shown on each clock. Write the time expression using words and then using numbers. The first item is an example.

 

	Nine forty-five. 9:45. A quarter to ten. 9:45. Fifteen minutes to ten. 9:45.

Telling Time – Minutes After or Before an Hour

 

Give the number of minutes after an hour for other times. Example: 10:17 or 11:23 or 9:35. Some speakers say, “17 minutes after 10” or “17 past ten”. For single digit numbers, pronounce the letter “O” for the number zero (0) in speaking. Example: 10:01 sounds like 10 O 1.

 

When the number is more than 30 after an hour, use the number: 10:32. Some speakers also express times that are more than 30 minutes after an hour as minutes BEFORE the next hour. So 10:32 may also be expressed as “28 minutes to 11” or “28 to 11”.

Practice 5

Name the times that are shown on each clock. Write the time expression using words and then using numbers. The first item is an example.

 

	Five minutes past eight. 8:05. Eight O five. 8:05.

Reading Times of Day

 

Practice 6

Write the letter beside the time expression (numbers) next to the written words.

 

Two past three	A. 7:15
Ten to seven	B. 6:30
Half past six	C.4:45
Twenty past two	D.8:17
Nine seventeen	E. 3:02
Quarter past seven	F. 2:53
Quarter to five	G.     5:05
Eight seventeen	H.2:20
Ten to six	I.   9:17
Two fifty-three	J.  6:50

 

Listening

 

Practice 7

Write the times that you hear.

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

 

Practice 8

Listening for Time Information: Listen to the video and answer the questions that you hear.

 

Daily Routine with Times

 

Practice 9

Listen to the video about movie times and fill in the times you hear.

 

Movie Times

 

1. Don’t Open the Door! __________, ___________, _____________
2. Scream in the Night ___________, ___________ , _____________
3. Street Match – The Return _________, __________, ___________
4. Lulu: It’s a Dog’s Life __________, _____________, ____________

Story Telling

Listen and repeat. Use relaxed pronunciation.

Practice 10

 

	Work	Work

 

1. Maria gets up at 6:00 a.m. every day from Monday to Friday.
2. She gets ready for school between 6:00 and 6:30.
3. She fixes breakfast between 6:30 and 6:45.
4. She eats breakfast between 6:45 and 7:00.
5. Maria takes the bus to school at 7:20.
6. Her English class goes from 8:00 to 12:00 noon.
7. After class, Maria studies in the library until 2 p.m.
8. She leaves for work at 2:15 and starts work at 3:00.
9. Maria works from 3:00 to 10:00, goes home, and goes to bed by 11:00 every night.

Practice 11.

Answer questions about the story.

 

1. What time does Maria get up?
2. She gets up at _________________.
3. When does she fix breakfast?
4. She fixes breakfast at ______________.
5. What time does her English class begin?
6. It begins at ________________-.
7. How long does the class last?
8. It lasts ____________________.
9. How long does it take for Maria to get to work?
10. It takes ______________________.
11. When does Maria get home after work?
12. She gets home at ______________________.
13. How many hours of sleep does Maria get at night?
14. She gets ________________hours of sleep.

 

Practice12

Ask your partner questions about his or her daily routine. Write down your partner’s answers. Then, tell the group about your partner’s daily activities.

 

1. What time do you get up?
2. When do you go to school?
3. Do you work?
4. Where do you work?
5. When do you work?
6. How do you get to school?
7. What time do you study?
8. When do you eat dinner?

Practice 13.

Memory Game: One person will make a statement about his or her daily routine.

Example: I get up at 7.

 

The next person will repeat the first student’s statement and add a statement. Example: Ali gets up at 7, and I get up at 6.

 

The next person will repeat both statements and add a statement. Example: Ali gets up at 7, Maria gets up at 6, and I get up at 7:30.

 

Continue around the class, with each person adding a statement. See how many of your classmates’ statements you can remember.

Practice 14.

Dictation: Write the sentences you hear using standard spelling. The speaker will use relaxed pronunciation.

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

 

 

Reading

Reading About a Daily Routine

The reading passage includes the daily routines of many famous people. Read the section by Maya Angelou.

 

Note: The passage includes words that are new but also includes many words that you know. Do not stop reading because the words are new. Read to understand as much as you can.

 

Maya Angelou Daily Routine

Practice 15.

Answer the questions about the reading.

 

1. What time does Maya wake up?

______________________________________________________.

 

2. Does she have coffee before her husband goes to work or after her husband goes to work?

______________________________________________________.

 

3. How many hours does Maya usually work each day?

______________________________________________________.

 

4. Why does Maya sometimes stop working at 12:30?

______________________________________________________.

 

5. When Maya comes home, does she cook dinner or take a shower first?

______________________________________________________.

 

Practice 16.

Create a daily schedule for Maya based on the information from the reading. First, arrange the actions in the correct order. Then, write the time for each action next to the item: Shower, Cook Dinner, Wake up, Have coffee, Leave for work, Work at writing, Husband leaves for work, Come home.

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Reading About Finding a Job

Read the information on finding a job. Then answer the questions.

 

Finding a Job

Practice 17.

List the steps to find a job in the correct order: Practice for interviews, Research jobs, Get a job offer, Update your social media profile, Attend job interviews, Prepare your cv or resume, Apply for jobs.

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Spelling and Pronunciation

Listen to the sound for short e.

 

Short E Sound

 

Here are some common words with this sound. Listen to your teacher pronounce the words: Bed, Best, Check, Desk, Debt, Get, Jet, Let, Pet, Well, Wet

 

Practice 18.

Write the words you hear.

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

 

Short E Exceptions

 

A few words use the letters “EA” to spell the short e sound. Learn these words. This is a very small group of words. The words are listed below:

 

Bread, Breath, Dead, Death, Dread, Feather, Head, Health, Healthy, Heather, Instead, Leather, Read, Steady, Stealth, Stealthy, Thread, Threat, Threaten, Wealth, Wealthy

 

Practice 20.

Write the words you hear.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

 

The word “said” also sounds like short e. This is the only word that spells the short e sound with “ai”.

 

Practice 21.

Now, the words you hear may use any of the spelling patterns we have practiced in Unit 2. The words may have the regular spelling for short e or obe ne of the exception words. Write the words you hear.

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14

15.

16.

17.

18,

19,

 

Listen for the difference between short A and short E.

 

Short A – Short E

 

Practice 22.

Write the words you hear. The words may have any of the short a or short e spellings you worked with in Unit 1 or Unit 2 or be one of the long a words from Unit 1 (main, mane, may). You will hear the word, a sentence using the word, and the word again. Listen to the sentence before you write the word. This will help you understand the meaning, which will help you know which word to write.

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

 

 

Attributions Reading and Speaking Unit 2

 

Waiter with Wine by j4p4n is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/294795/waiter-with-wine

Cook by Juhele is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/253316/cook

 

Mowing the lawn by rdevries is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/250912/mowing-the-lawn

 

African Mechanic by j4p4n is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/269591/african-mechanic

 

Teacher in a greener dress by The Martin is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/263350/teacher-in-a-greener-dress

 

nurse with IV by cactus cowboy is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/288026/nurse-with-iv

 

policeman by radacina is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/19384/policeman

 

First responder – firefighter by juhele is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/249820/first-responder-firefighter

 

Laptop Man With No Shade (Remix 2) by jonathan357 is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/303592/laptop-man-with-no-shade-remix-2

 

Welder by FunDraw_dot_com is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/3730/welder

Taxi driver by Shinnoske is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/219125/taxidriver

 

Cashiers by oksmith is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/284063/cashiers

 

gis-computer by Anonymous is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/12789/giscomputer

monitor by johnny_automatic is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/1637/monitor

Keyboard ABNT2 Pt Br by Minduka is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/26499/keyboard-abnt2-pt-br

 

mouse (computer) by hatalar205 is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License

https://openclipart.org/detail/170945/mouse-computer

 

locked-calendar by hawk88 is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/10791/lockedcalendar

Blank Clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217092/blank-clock

Cook by Juhele is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License

https://openclipart.org/detail/253316/cook

 

apartment cleaning cartoon by qubodup is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/177507/apartment-cleaning-cartoon

 

Planting a tree by Iyo is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/264771/planting-a-tree

 

Taxi driver by Shinnoske is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/219125/taxidriver

Computer Programmer by j4p4n  is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/280526/computer-programmer

 

Lutz – drawing tools with text by pitr is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/266919/lutz-drawing-tools-with-text

 

Mother and Kid by j4p4n is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/271247/mother-and-kid

 

Nice to meet you by Firkin is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/291563/nice-to-meet-you

 

First responder – firefighter by juhele is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/249820/first-responder-firefighter

 

Alarm Wake Up – Colour by j4p4n is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217749/alarm-wake-up-colour

 

look it up by johnny_automatic is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/1036/look-it-up

 

11 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217073/11-oclock

 

4 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217066/4-oclock

 

6 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217068/6-oclock

 

12 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217074/12-oclock

 

9 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217071/9-oclock

 

Half Past 7 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217084/half-past-7-oclock

 

Half Past 6 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217083/half-past-6-oclock

 

Half Past 3 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217080/half-past-3-oclock

 

Half Past 12 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217089/half-past-12-oclock

 

Half Past 2 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217079/half-past-2-oclock

 

Quarter past 5 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217703/quarter-past-5-oclock

 

Quarter past 3 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217694/quarter-past-3-oclock

 

Quarter past 11 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217702/quarter-past-11-oclock

 

Quarter past 10 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217701/quarter-past-10-oclock

 

Quarter past 1 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217702/quarter-past-11-oclock

 

Quarter to 10 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217689/quarter-to-10-oclock

 

Quarter to 6 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217685/quarter-to-6-oclock

 

Quarter to 3 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217681/quarter-to-3-oclock

 

Quarter to 4 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217683/quarter-to-4-oclock

 

Quarter to 8 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217687/quarter-to-8-oclock

 

Clock + Calendar by rihard is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/2998/clock-+-calendar

 

Clock Alarm by valessiobrito is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/3174/clock-alarm

 

analog clock by sivvus is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/27002/analog-clock

 

Table clock, Time to wake up by ozant is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/214982/table-clock-time-to-wake-up

 

Woman waving hello by anarres is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/search/?query=woman+waving+hello

 

6 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217068/6-oclock

 

6 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217068/6-oclock

 

Half Past 6 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/search/?query=half+past+six+o%27clock

 

Half Past 6 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/search/?query=half+past+six+o%27clock

 

toaster with toast by carolemagnet is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/263049/toaster-with-toast

 

Quarter to 7 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217686/quarter-to-7-oclock

 

Quarter to 7 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217686/quarter-to-7-oclock

 

Breakfast Toast by algotruneman is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/214848/breakfast-toast

 

7 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/image/90px/svg_to_png/217069/7oclock.png

 

Bus symbol / pictogram by ToBeFree is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/218241/bus-symbol-pictogram

 

School by eternaltyro is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License

https://openclipart.org/detail/176546/school

Twenty Minutes After Seven – 7:20 by jonathan357 is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/219711/twenty-minutes-after-seven-720

Kids Classroom Colour by j4p4n is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/272477/kids-classroom-colour

 

8 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/217070/8-oclock

 

12 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217074/12-oclock

books – coloured by frankes is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License

https://www.openclipart.org/detail/245570/bookes-coloured

 

12 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217074/12-oclock  

2 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/217064/2-oclock

 

School by eternaltyro is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/176546/school

Quarter past 2 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217693/quarter-past-2-oclock

3 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217065/3-oclock

3 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217065/3-oclock

10 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217072/10-oclock

cool-home by netalloy is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/70453/coolhome

Sleeping by oksmith is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/285174/sleeping

11 o’clock by hypocore is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/217073/11-oclock

 

 

Unit 3

 

Vocabulary

 Nouns (Names of People, Places, or Things)

Mother
Father
Parent / Parents
Child / Children
Son
Daughter
Grandfather
Grandmother
Grandchild / Grandchildren / Grandson / Granddaughter
Sister
Brother
Aunt	Sister of Mother or Father / Wife of Uncle
Uncle	Brother of Mother or Father / Husband of Aunt
Niece	Daughter of Sister or Brother
Nephew	Son of Sister or Brother
Cousin	Child of Aunt or Uncle
Family

 

Adjectives (Describe Nouns or Pronouns)

Red
Blue
Green
Yellow
Orange
Black
White
Brown
Purple
Turquoise
Navy Blue
Burgundy
Beige
Pink
Happy
Sad

Describing Your Family

 

Look at the diagram of Paolo’s family. This type of diagram is called a family tree. Then, read the description of Paolo’s family and answer the questions.

 

 

Practice 1

Read the description of Paolo’s family and complete the statements.

 

My name is Paolo. I’m from Brazil. I have a large family. My mother’s name is Marta, and my father’s name is Ricardo. My parents have four children: my brother, Jose; my sisters, Ana and Cristina; and me. I am their second child. Ana is the oldest. I’m 21, and she’s four years older than I am. Jose is two years younger than I am, and Cristina is the youngest. She’s 17.

My grandparents’ names are Susana and Alberto. They are my mother’s father and mother. My father’s parents are Elena and Arturo. My grandparents on my mother’s side of the family had three children: my mother, her sister Anita, and her brother Julio. My Aunt Anita is not married. My Uncle Julio is married. His wife’s name is Juanita. My Uncle Julio and my Aunt Juanita have two children, my cousins Alberto and Maria. My grandparents on my father’s side have only two children, my father and his brother, my uncle Arturo. Uncle Arturo’s name is the same as my grandfather’s. Uncle Arturo isn’t married.

 

1. Ana is _________ years old?

 

2. Cristina is ________ years younger than Jose.

 

3. Susana and Alberto are Paolo’s grandparents. Susana is Alberto’s ___________ and Marta’s ____________.

 

4. Paolo’s cousin Alberto is his mother’s ___________.

 

5. Maria is Marta’s ______________.

 

6. Maria is Julio’s ______________.

 

7. Julio’s Grandfather Arturo is Elena’s ________________.

 

8. Julio is Susana’s and Alberto’s _________________.

 

9. Anita is Susana’s and Alberto’s __________________.

 

10. Paolo has ___________ cousins.

 

Practice 2

Describing family members:

 

Describe your family to a partner. Listen to your partner’s description and take notes. Then, describe your partner’s family to the class.

 

 

Practice 3

Picture Match:

 

Listen to the statements about the pictures and choose the correct picture.

Picture A

 

Picture B

Picture C

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

 

Describing Age

 

Review these sentences from the reading exercise in Practice 1.

 

Ana is the oldest. I’m 21, and she’s four years older than I am. Jose is two years younger than I am, and Cristina is the youngest. She’s 17.

 

In English, we use “be” to give age (how old someone or something is.) Some examples are listed below.

 

Example:

• I am 34.
• My sister is 27.
• My parents are 71 and 69.
• The dog is 5.
• The baby is 6 months old.
• The car is 4 years old.

To ask about age, use the questions “How old are you?”; “How old is he / she?”; “How old are they”; “How old is it?”.

 

When giving ages, you can say the number alone, or you can add “years old, months old” after the number. It is very common to only give the number as an answer to the question “How old…?”.

 

Note: In the United States, it is not considered polite to ask an adult about his or her age. The questions are mainly used for children and things (animals, houses, and so on.)

 

 

Practice 4

For each picture, write a question asking about age. Then, write the answer using the number given.

 

1. 4 Years Old

 

______________________________________________________?

 

________________________________________________________________.

 

2. 50 Years Old

_________________________________________________________?

 

_________________________________________________________________.

 

3. 11 Years Old

­­­­­­­­­­­­___________________________________________________?

 

__________________________________________________________________.

 

4. 240 Years Old

_________________________________________________________?

 

____________________________________________________________________.

 

5. 15 Years Old

_________________________________________________________?

 

____________________________________________________________________.

 

 

Practice 5

Describing classroom objects:

 

Look around the room. Describe something you see. Call on a classmate to see if he or she can guess what you described. If the person who answers is correct, it is that person’s turn to describe a classroom object.

 

Example: I see something on the wall. It is big and white. What is it? Answer: Whiteboard.

 

Practice 6

Dialogue:  Listen and repeat. Then practice with a partner.

 

1. Hi, My name is Maria. I’m in your English class.
2. Hi, Maria. I’m Ali.
3. Where are you from?
4. I’m from Iraq. How about you?
5. I’m from Cuba. I live in Lansing. Where do you live?
6. In East Lansing. I work at Meijer. Do you work?
7. Yes, I work at the airport.
8. I’m married, and I have two children: a boy and a girl. Tell me about yourself.
9. I’m not married. I live with my family: my mother, father, brother, and two sisters.
10. You’re lucky you have such a big family here.

Practice 7

Conversation:

 

Use the dialogue from Practice 5 as a sample. Talk with a partner about yourself and your family.

Practice 8

Describing Pictures:

 

Bring a picture of a family member, a friend, or find a picture of a person you would like to describe. Show the class the picture and describe the person.

Practice 9

Recognizing Color Names: Write the letter of the color next to the name of the color.

 

A.	B	C	D	E	F	G
H	I	J	K	L	M	N

 

1. Yellow
2. Burgundy
3. Pink
4. Brown
5. Green
6. Red
7. Orange
8. Beige
9. Turquoise
10. Purple
11. Navy Blue
12. Black
13. White
14. Blue

Practice 10

What Color Is It? Take turns asking what color an object in your classroom is. Call on a classmate to answer. When someone answers, correctly, it is his or her turn to ask.

 

Example: What color is the board? It’s white.

 

Practice 11

Story Telling: Listen and repeat. Use relaxed pronunciation

 

		Lunch?
What time?		Great! What restaurant?
	Address?

 

1. Julio wants to meet Ali for lunch.
2. He calls Ali.
3. He asks Ali if he is free for lunch.
4. Ali asks “What time?”
5. Julio says at noon.
6. Ali says he is free and asks what restaurant.
7. Julio says the coffee shop near his apartment.
8. Ali asks for the address.
9. Julio gives Ali the address and directions to the coffee shop.

 

Practice 12.

Answer questions about the story. Write your answer in a complete sentence.

 

1. Who wants to have lunch?

 

2. Who does he invite to have lunch with him?

 

 

3. How does Julio invite Ali for lunch?

 

 

4. Is Ali free for lunch?

 

5. What time do they plan for lunch?

 

6. Where do they plan to meet for lunch?

 

7. What information does Ali ask for?

 

 

8. What information does Julio give Ali?

 

Practice 13

Conversation:

 

Ask your partner the questions from Practice 12. Answer using short answers.

 

Practice 14

Dialogue: Practice the dialogue with a partner. Use relaxed pronunciation.

 

Julio: Hi, Ali. This is Julio.

Ali: Hi, Julio. How’s it going?

Julio: Pretty good. How are you?

Ali: Great! What’s up?

Julio: Are you free for lunch?

Ali: What time?

Julio: Around noon.

Ali: That works. Where?

Julio: How about the coffee shop by my place.

Ali: OK. What’s the address?

Julio: 511 South Pennsylvania. Take Pennsylvania south from school to Mount Hope. It’s on the corner of Mount Hope and Pennsylvania.

Ali: Great! See you in a little while.

Giving Directions

 

Watch the video to learn vocabulary for giving directions.

 

Asking For and Giving Directions

 

Prepositional phrases for directions:

• Next to, Beside
• Behind, In back of
• In front of
• In the back of
• In the front of
• Over, Above
• Under, Below, Beneath, Underneath
• On the Corner
• On the Right
• On the Left

Verbs for directions:

• Go
• Turn
• Walk
• Drive

Adverbs for directions:

• Right
• Left
• Straight
• Straight Ahead

Polite Expressions for asking directions:

• Excuse me, where is_________?
• Can you help me find __________?
• Where is ____________?
• How do I get to _____________?
• Could you please tell me where __________________?

 

 

Practice 15

Giving and Following Directions:

 

Draw a map to take you from school to your home. Then, change maps with a partner. Give your partner directions. See if your directions take your partner to your home. Then, listen to your partner’s directions and follow the directions to his or her home on the map.

 

Practice 16

Following Written Directions:

 

Your teacher will give you a slip of paper with directions written on it. With a partner, follow the directions, write the name of the location you reach, and come back to class to report.

 

Practice 17

Conversation:

 

Use the pattern from the dialogue in Practice 13to invite a partner for lunch. Use names of restaurants that you visit. Use addresses you know and give directions to that address from school.

 

A: Hi, ______. This is __________.

B: Hi, ________. How’s it going?

A: Pretty good. How are you?

B: Great! What’s up?

A: Are you free for lunch?

B: What time?

A: Around noon.

B: That works. Where?

A: How about ______________.

B: OK. What’s the address?

A: __________________. Take ___________________________________________.

It’s __________________________________________________________________.

B: Great! See you in a little while.

 

 

Practice 18

Dictation:

 

Write the sentences you hear using standard spelling. The speaker will use relaxed pronunciation.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

 

Reading

Reading a Map

 

Practice 19

Click on the link to view the map. Answer the questions about the map.

 

Map of Downtown Lansing Near Adodo Riverfront Park

 

1. What are the names of the streets that runs east to west?

 

2. List the names of 3 streets that run north to south.

 

 

3. What is the name of the river?

 

4. What 2 streets does the river run between?

 

5. The Lansing Center is on what street?

 

6. Name 3 landmarks besides the Lansing Center that are shown on the map.

 

Practice 20

Read the article. Many of the words will be new to you, but you will recognize many words, too.

Important new vocabulary is listed below.

• Descendants – children, grandchildren, and so on
• Domesticated – an animal that lives near and is friendly with people
• Tough – strong
• Unique – different from all others
• Folklore – popular stories
• Crop – plants that are grown for food
• Abundance – a lot of
• Corral – an area to keep horses in
• Graze – eat grass, like a horse or a cow
• Stature – how tall someone or something is
• Pony – a small horse
• Bloated – looking fat because of being filled with water
• Foal – baby horse
• Mare – female horse
• Offspring – children
• Stallion – male horse
• Ferocious – strong and dangerous
• Veterinary – medical care for animals

Pay attention to phrases that give location or directions. Answer the questions that follow the article.

 

FROM “THE WILD HORSES OF ASSATEAGUE ISLAND”

by National Park Service, US Department of the Interior

A NATIONAL TREASURE

The wild horses of Assateague Island are descendants of domesticated animals brought to the island over 300 years ago. Horses tough enough to survive the scorching heat, abundant insects, stormy weather and poor quality food found on this windswept barrier island have formed a unique wild horse society. Enjoy their beauty from a distance, and you can help make sure these extraordinary wild horses will continue to thrive on Assateague Island.

“My treasures do not click together or glitter. —They gleam in the sun and neigh in the night.” —Bedouin proverb

WHERE DID THEY COME FROM?

Were the horses shipwreck survivors…

Local folklore describes the Assateague horses as survivors of a shipwreck off the Virginia coast. While this dramatic tale of struggle and survival is popular, there are no records yet that confirm it.

…or settlers’ horses?

During the 17th century free-roaming horses, cows, sheep and pigs caused expensive crop damage to local farms. Farmers were required to pay taxes on all mainland livestock and fence them in.

Like people in the 21st century, these resourceful coastal residents looked for ways to avoid paying this tax. They turned to nearby Assateague Island with its abundance of food, shelter and a natural “corral” made of water to solve their problem.

It is likely that modern Assateague horses are descendants of those hardy animals turned loose on the island to graze tax-free.

LIVING THE WILD LIFE IN MARYLAND

Assateague’s horses are uniquely adapted to survive on a barrier island. How do they do it?

What do they eat?

The horses spend most of their time grazing on abundant but nutrient-poor saltmarsh cordgrass, saltmeadow hay and beach grass. The horses’ short stature is a result of hundreds of years of adaptation to this low quality diet. Genetically they are considered horses, even though they are now pony size.

The Assateague horses drink over twice the amount of water that domesticated horses will due to their salty food supply. All that drinking combined with a high salt diet contributes to their bloated appearance.

Where do they live throughout the year?

Spring brings cool, rainy weather and fresh plant growth to the island. Many of the horses live in the marshes close to their best food sources. Foals are usually born in late spring and live with their mothers in a family group called a “band.” Each band is usually made up of 2–10 mares, their offspring, and a stallion.

Hot, humid, and full of insects, summer brings a new set of challenges. The horses escape the mosquitoes and flies of the marsh by spending more time on the beach and in the surf, letting the refreshing ocean breezes carry away airborne pests. Cooler fall weather and fewer insects allow the bands to move from the beaches back to the marshes and their abundant grasses.

The horses prefer to browse in shrub thickets during the damp, chilly, winter season. Their thick, furry coats will protect them from ferocious winter winds and the occasional snowstorm.

Do they receive veterinary care?

While action may be taken to end the suffering of a gravely ill, seriously injured, or dying horse, no measures are taken to prolong the lives of Maryland’s wild horses. As with other species of Assateague wildlife, horses that are sick or weak do not survive. This helps maintain a hardy, healthy population of wild horses.

Virginia’s horses are privately owned by the Chincoteague Volunteer Fire Department and receive some veterinary care.

WHERE CAN YOU SEE THE WILD HORSES?

In Maryland

Maryland’s horses are owned and managed by the National Park Service. They are free-roaming wildlife and could be anywhere in the park. During the summer months many bands can be found on the beach. You can often see the horses and other wildlife by driving slowly along park roads. Protect island habitat by parking only in designated parking areas. The “Life of the Forest” and “Life of the Marsh” trails are good places to look, especially during spring, fall and winter seasons.

Do not feed or pet the horses. Horses that learn to come up to the road are hit and killed by cars.

In Virginia

Virginia’s horses are privately owned by the Chincoteague Volunteer Fire Department and are fenced in large enclosures.

Look for the horses in the marshes along Beach Road and from the observation platform on the Woodland Trail.

The Wild Horses of Assateague Island by US National Park Service Source: Commonlit.org“ is in

the public domain.

1. How many years ago did the horses come to the island?

 

2. How do local stories say the horses got to the island?

 

3. What animals damaged the farmers’ crops?

 

4. What probably made the horses smaller than is normal: the weather or the food?

 

5. Where do the horses live?

 

6. When are foals usually born?

 

7. How many horses make up a band?

 

8. When do the horses go to the beach?

 

9. What is the purpose of this article: to explain how the horses got to the island or to give information about the horses appearance and the way they live?

 

Practice 21

Using vocabulary: Write 8 sentences about the horses. Use some of the vocabulary from the list at the beginning of the story and some of the new vocabulary from this unit. Do not copy sentences from the story. Put the ideas into your own words.

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

 

Spelling and Pronunciation

 

Listen to the sound for long e.

 

Long E Sound

 

A few words spell the long e with only two letters: be, he, me, we.

 

In addition to the words listed above, the most common long e spellings are: ee, ea (not the short e words from Unit 2), and ie / ei (after c).

 

Examples of ee words are see, meet, beef, week. Examples of ea words are cheap, mean, leaf. Examples of ie words are believe, relief, relieve, belief. Examples of ei words after c are receive, receipt.

 

Exception: A few ie words do not sound like long e, they have the long I sound that you will work with in Unit 4. These words are die, lie, pie, tie. One ie word (sieve) has the short I sound you will work with in Unit 4.

 

 

Practice 21

Write the words you hear.

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

 

Another common spelling for the long e sound is y at the end of a two-syllable word like city, country, baby.

 

Exception: The word key also has the long e sound. Remember from Unit 1 that most ey words sound like long a.

 

Practice 22

Write the words you hear.

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

 

 

Homonyms

Remember from Unit 1 that homonyms, means two or more words that sound EXACTLY the same but have different spellings AND different meanings. Some examples of long e homonyms are below:

 

Long E Homonyms

Word	Meaning
Week	7 Days: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday
Weak	Not Strong
Steal	Take something that does not belong to you
Steel	Heavy Metal, Used for Cars
Beat	Hit very hard
Beet	A vegetable
Peal	The outside of a fruit
Peel	Cut away the outside of a fruit or vegetable

 

Just like with long a homonyms, the ONLY way to tell which word the speaker means is from the sentence, the context (meaning in sentence.) This is true for Native English speakers as well as for people learning English.

 

 

Practice 23

Write the words you hear: Listen to the sentence to know which word is being used.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

 

 

Practice 23

Write the words you hear. The words may have any of the short a or short e spellings you worked with in Unit 1 or Unit 2 or be one of the long a words from Unit 1 or from this unit. You will hear the word, a sentence using the word, and the word again. Listen to the sentence before you write the word. This will help you understand the meaning, which will help you know which word to write.

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

 

 

Attributions Reading and Speaking Unit 3

 

The boy is holding his mother’s hand by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/190860/the-boy-is-holding-his-mothers-hand

African Father and Kid by j4p4n is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/280751/african-father-and-kid

 

The boy is holding his mother’s hand by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/190860/the-boy-is-holding-his-mothers-hand

African Father and Kid by j4p4n is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/280751/african-father-and-kid

Children holding hands by Carlene is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/192642/children-holding-hands

 

The boy is holding his mother’s hand by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/190860/the-boy-is-holding-his-mothers-hand

Reading with Mother (#1) by oksmith is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License: https//openclipart.org/search/?query=mother+with+girl

Multigenerational Family (#3) by oksmith is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/300523/multigenerational-family-3

 

Multigenerational Family (#3) by oksmith is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/300523/multigenerational-family-3

 

Multigenerational Family (#3) by oksmith is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/300523/multigenerational-family-3

 

Older Brother Younger Sister (#2) by oksmith is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License

https://openclipart.org/download/285206/publicdomainq-0006075rodpnf.svg

Older Brother Younger Sister (#2) by oksmith is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/download/285206/publicdomainq-0006075rodpnf.svg

 

Multigenerational Family (#3) by oksmith is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/300523/multigenerational-family-3

 

The boy is holding his mother’s hand by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/190860/the-boy-is-holding-his-mothers-handc

 

Red Pyramids (illusion) by lpr577 is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License

https://www.openclipart.org/detail/172507/red-pyramids-illusion

Blue Smiley by IslandVibz is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/202277/blue-smiley

Green Clothing Icon by LeonH is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/203510/green-clothing-icon

Lightning yellow with black outline by palomaironique is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License

https://www.openclipart.org/detail/48445/lightning-yellow-with-black-outline

Sticky Note Orange Folded Corner by palomaironique is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/45847/sticky-note-orange-folded-corner

 

Ampersand Clipart Black And White – Free Download by schoolfreeware is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License

https://www.openclipart.org/detail/300040/ampersand-clipart-black-and-white-free-download

White Suitcase by uroesch is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/231922/white-suitcase

Brown Guitar by Merlin2525 is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/173661/brown-guitar

 

Sticky Note Purple Folded Corner by palomaironique is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/45925/sticky-note-purple-folded-corner

 

Blue Bow by Mahua Sarkar is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/280897/blue-bow

Blue blue waterdrop by JoyOfColors is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/234265/blue-blue-waterdrop

 

Burgundy Ripple Myeloma Ribbon by barnhearted owl is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/233341/Cancer-Ribbon-2

Beige Fedora Hat by SOlvera is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/181194/fedora-hat-02

 

Sticky Note Pink by palomaironique is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/45829/sticky-note-pink

Happy Face by Thangalin is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/242499/happy-face

 

Sad Face Emoticon (Yellow) by Technaturally is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/279690/sad-face-emoticon-yellow

 

Multigenerational Family (#3) by oksmith is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/300523/multigenerational-family-3

African Father and Kid by j4p4n is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/280751/african-father-and-kid

Older Brother Younger Sister (#2) by oksmith is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/download/285206/publicdomainq-0006075rodpnf.svg

Older Brother Younger Sister (#2) by oksmith is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/download/285206/publicdomainq-0006075rodpnf.svg

Older Brother Younger Sister (#2) by oksmith is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/download/285206/publicdomainq-0006075rodpnf.svg

 

Woman Wearing Blue Jacket by João Jesus is in the public domain https://www.pexels.com/photo/woman-wearing-blue-jacket-875862/

 

Children Multicolored Hand Paint by Sharon McCutcheon is in the public domain https://www.pexels.com/photo/4k-wallpaper-adorable-blur-boy-1148998/

 

Culprit by Spencer Selover is in the public domain https://www.pexels.com/photo/blur-boy-casual-close-up-428333/

 

boy playing with toy truck by johnny_automatic is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/724/boy-playing-with-toy-truck

 

Grand Piano by Mirek2 is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/366/piano

 

Child by yamid is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/58321/child

 

Usa Cities Map by mapsopensource is licensed under a Creative Commons 3.0 Unported License http://www.mapsopensource.com/usa-cities-map.html

 

Paddle Boats on Tidal Basin Jefferson Memorial courtesy of Destination DC.org.jpg is in the public domain. https://www.dropbox.com/sh/bfzfffn4wts1stt/AAD5NTzcORnaxyWL8pZHstpha?dl=0&preview=Paddle+Boats+on+Tidal+Basin+Jefferson+Memorial+-+Photo+Credit+-+courtesty+of+washington.org.jpg

 

Red Pyramids (illusion) is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain Licenseby lpr577 https://www.openclipart.org/detail/172507/red-pyramids-illusion

Green Clothing Icon is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain Licenseby LeonH https://www.openclipart.org/detail/203510/green-clothing-icon

 

Burgundy Ripple Myeloma Ribbon by barnhearted owl is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/233341/Cancer-Ribbon-2

Brown Guitar by Merlin2525 is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/173661/brown-guitar

 

Blue Bow by Mahua Sarkar is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/280897/blue-bow

Blue Smiley by IslandVibz is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/202277/blue-smiley

Blue blue waterdrop by JoyOfColors is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/234265/blue-blue-waterdrop

Lightning yellow with black outline by palomaironique is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License

https://www.openclipart.org/detail/48445/lightning-yellow-with-black-outline

 

Sticky Note Purple Folded Corner by palomaironique is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/45925/sticky-note-purple-folded-corner

 

Ampersand Clipart Black And White – Free Download by schoolfreeware is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License

https://www.openclipart.org/detail/300040/ampersand-clipart-black-and-white-free-download

White Suitcase by uroesch is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/231922/white-suitcase

Beige Fedora Hat by SOlvera is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/181194/fedora-hat-02

Sticky Note Orange Folded Corner by palomaironique is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/45847/sticky-note-orange-folded-corner

 

Sticky Note Pink by palomaironique is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/45829/sticky-note-pink

Blond haired man by rdevries is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/179843/blond-haired-man

 

Fast Food, Lunch-Dinner, Chicken Burger by Gerald_G is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/9075/fast-food-lunchdinner-chicken-burger

Blond haired man by rdevries is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/179843/blond-haired-man

 

Man Hello by cyberscooty is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/247271/man-hello

 

Blond haired man by rdevries is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/179843/blond-haired-man

 

Telephone set Bs-23 by rones is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/download/168787/Telephone-set-Bs-23.svg

 

Man Hello by cyberscooty is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/247271/man-hello

 

Blond haired man by rdevries is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/179843/blond-haired-man

 

Man Hello by cyberscooty is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/247271/man-hello

Blond haired man is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License by rdevries https://www.openclipart.org/detail/179843/blond-haired-man

12:00

 

Man Hello by cyberscooty is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/247271/man-hello

 

Blond haired man by rdevries is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/179843/blond-haired-man

Outdoor cafe seating by anarres is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/276855/outdoor-

 

Man Hello by cyberscooty is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/247271/man-hello

 

Blond haired man by rdevries is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/179843/blond-haired-man

 

Street map of Wichita Kansas by spacefem is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/254325/street-map-of-wichita-kansas

 

FROM “THE WILD HORSES OF ASSATEAGUE ISLAND” by National Park Service, US Department of the Interior is in the public domain. https://www.commonlit.org/en/texts/from-the-wild-horses-of-assateague-island?search_id=389352

 

 

Unit 4

 

Vocabulary

Nouns (Names of People, Places, Things)

Living Room
Dining Room
Bedroom
Bathroom
Kitchen
Sofa / Couch
Chair
Table
Dresser / Chest
Bed
Bathtub / Tub
Shower
Sink
Stove
Refrigerator
Cabinet / Cupboard
Counter
Washing Machine / Washer
Dishwasher
Sheets
Towel
Bedspread
Blanket
Curtain
Pots
Pans
Coffee Maker
Bowl
Knife
Fork
Spoon
Milk
Fruit
Vegetable
Apple
Orange
Banana
Lettuce
Tomato
Cereal
Meat
Beef
Lamb	Meat from a Sheep
Chicken
Pork / Ham

 

Practice 1

For each picture write the name of the room where it would be found.

 

Item	Room	Item	Room

 

Practice 2

Write 4-5 sentences describing each picture. Name the objects, the colors, and use prepositional phrases to describe the location of each object. Exchange your descriptions with a partner and check to see if you agree with each other’s descriptions.

 

Description_____________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Description___________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Description__________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

Description__________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Description___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Practice 3

Bring a picture of a room in your home or of a room you would like to describe. Describe your picture to the class.

Using Numbers in Conversation

 

So far, we have used numbers to tell how many of something a person has. These numbers are cardinal numbers. We also use numbers as names, for example, Group 1 or Group 2. In this case, the number is considered a nominal (name) number. When we talk about dates or give the floor of a building or the street number in an address, we use ordinal numbers.

 

Cardinal and Nominal Numbers have the same form. You simply say the name of the number: One, Two, Twenty-two, Two Hundred One or Two-O-One, and so on.

 

When you use an ordinal number, you are putting the number in order. Look at the list of cardinal numbers and ordinal numbers below and pronounce the words with your teacher.

 

Note: The “st”, “nd”, “rd”, or “th” sound tells your listener that the number is ordinal – giving a position or place in a group.

 

 

Practice 4

Pronounce the words after your teacher.

 

Cardinal Number	Word	Ordinal Number	Word
1	One	1st	First
2	Two	2nd	Second
3	Three	3rd	Third
4	Four	4th	Fourth
5	Five	5th	Fifth
6	Six	6th	Sixth
7	Seven	7th	Seventh
8	Eight	8th	Eightth
9	Nine	9th	Ninth
10	Ten	10th	Tenth
11	Eleven	11th	Eleventh
12	Twelve	13th	Twelfth
13	Thirteen	13th	Thirteenth
20	Twenty	20th	Twentieth
21	Twenty-one	21st	Twenty-first
22	Twenty-two	22nd	Twenty-second
23	Twenty-three	23rd	Twenty-third
24	Twenty-four	24th	Twenty-fourth
30	Thirty	30th	Thirtieth

Practice 5

Watch the video and answer the questions that follow.

 

Cardinal, Ordinal, and Nominal Numbers

 

Using Cardinal, Nominal, and Ordinal Numbers

 

In American English, we normally use cardinal / nominal numbers to give ages, quantities (amounts), telephone numbers, tv channels, room numbers, names of groups, and the house/apartment number of an address.

 

We normally use ordinal numbers with dates, floors of buildings, street numbers, or position in a group.

 

Example Cardinal Numbers:

1. Our office is in Room 107.
2. He is 25. / He is 25 years old.
3. I have 5 books.
4. We need 2 gallons of milk.
5. The sofa costs $225.00.
6. My phone number is 517-488-1201.
7. John Elway, a famous football player, was Number 7.
8. The movie is on Channel 31.

 

Example Ordinal Numbers:

1. Her address is 1100 Shiawassee Avenue.
2. Halloween is on October 31^st.
3. The office is on the first floor.
4. She lives on 115^th
5. Election Day is always the 1^st Tuesday following the 1^st Monday in November.

 

Practice 6

Listening Practice: Listen to the sentences and mark C or O to show if the number you hear is cardinal or Ordinal.

 

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2.

3.

4.

5.

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8.

9.

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11

12.

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17.

18.

19.

20.

Practice 7

Oral Practice: Respond to the following questions, using a cardinal or ordinal number as appropriate.

 

1. What is your address?
2. What is your birthday?
3. What is today’s date?
4. What is your phone number?
5. In some cities, streets are given numbers. How would you say this street name: 211 Avenue?
6. What floor is this classroom on?
7. What room is this?
8. How many floors are there in this building?
9. How many buildings are on this campus?
10. How many people are in this class?
11. Three U.S. Presidents are listed with the centuries in which they were President. Say their names and their position in numerical order. Abraham Lincoln – 1800’s; Franklin Delano Roosevelt – 1900’s; George Washington – 1700’s.
12. What year is this?
13. There are 50 states in the United States. Hawaii was the last state to be admitted. That means Hawaii was the ___________ state.
14. Virginia was a colony before any other English colonies in what is now the United States. Virginia was the _____________ English colony.
15. Florida was discovered by the Spanish before England came to North America. Florida was the _____________ colony in North America.

 

Naming Centuries (Periods of 100 Years)

 

We use ordinal numbers to name centuries. The first 100 years in history went from year 1 to year 99. This is called the first century. The second century ran from year 100 to year 199. The third century ran from year 200 to 299, and so on.

Practice 8

Give the name of the century for each year, using an ordinal number.

 

1. 1865___________ century
2. 1776___________ century
3. 1928___________ century
4. 1620___________ century
5. 1492___________ century
6. 1941___________ century
7. 2000___________ century
8. 1066___________ century
9. 2008___________ century

 

Practice 9

Listen to the lecture. List the time when each event happened. You will hear many words you do not recognize. That’s ok! Just listen for the words listed below and the time (number of years) when the event happened.

 

The History of the Universe

 

1. Hydrogen and helium appeared 380 ______________ years after the start of the universe.
2. Our solar system was formed 4.5 __________________ years ago.
3. The dinosaurs were destroyed 65 __________________ years ago.
4. Humans appeared 200 __________________ years ago.
5. Humans learned to farm 10 _________________ years ago.
6. Humans began to connect through ships 4 _____________________ years ago.
7. The total journey through the history of the universe covers 13.7 ______________________ years.

 

Quantities                                    

 

Quantity means how much or how many? Usually we simply use a number and the name of the item, either singular or plural.

Example: How many chairs are in the room? 12.

 

Sometimes, we give quantities in amounts based on how much something weighs.

Example: The baby weighs 15 pounds, 7 ounces.

 

Sometimes, we give quantities in amounts based on volume.

Example: I have a gallon of milk.

 

Some words for quantities for food items are listed below, with the abbreviation (short written form) for each.

 

Quantities and Example Items

Word	Abbreviation	Sample Items
Pound	Lb.	Meat, Fruit, Vegetables
Ounce	Oz.	Meat, Fruit, Vegetables
Cup	N.A.	Water, Coffee
Pint	Pt.	Milk
Quart	Qt.	Milk
Gallon	Gal.	Milk
Tablespoon	T. or Tbsp.	Sugar
Teaspoon	t. or tsp.	Sugar
Pinch	N.A.	Salt
Loaf	N.A.	Bread
Head	N.A.	Lettuce

 

Practice 9

Conversation: Practice buying different items. Use the items that are pictured with the correct word for the quantity.

 

A: Can I help you?

B: Yes, I’d like _______________.

A: Here you are.

B: Thank you.

 

Practice 10

Listening for Quantities: Listen to the following conversations and write the word for the quantity you hear in each.

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

 

Equivalencies

The table below gives equivalent amounts for different quantities, both solid and liquid, along with the abbreviations.

 

Common Equivalencies for Measurements

Quantity	Equivalent
1 Pound (Lb.)	16 Ounces (Oz.)
1 Ounce (Oz.)	2 Tablespoons (T. / Tbsp.)
1 Tablespoon (T. / Tbsp.)	3 Teaspoons (t. / tsp.)
1 Gallon (Gal).	4 Quarts (Qt.)
1 Quart	2 Pints (Pt.)
1 Pint (Pt.)	2 Cups
1 Cup	8 Ounces (Oz).

 

Practice 11

Oral Practice:

 

Ask and answer questions about equivalencies.

Example: How many ounces are in 2 pounds?

Practice 12

Listening for Quantities: Listen to each quantity and write the amount indicated.

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

 

 

Fractions

 

We use ordinal numbers to express fractions (part of a whole).

 

Example: ¼ = one-fourth; 7/8 = seven-eighths; 5/7 = five-sevenths

 

Note: The fraction ½ is expressed as one-half and the expressions ¼ and ¾ may be expressed as one-fourth or one-quarter and three-fourths or three-quarters.

 

Practice 13

Listening for fractions: Listen to each fraction and write the number indicated.

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

 

Practice 14

Oral Presentation: Demonstrate to the class how to make one of your favorite foods. Bring pictures of the items you need, including the food items and the utensils (bowl, mixer, and so on). Tell the class how much you need of each item and the steps you take to make the recipe.

 

Rubric:

Topic – The student talks about the topic assigned.

Vocabulary – The student uses vocabulary that relates to the topic.

Sentence Structure – The student uses word order and verb forms accurately.

Pronunciation – The student pronounces letter sounds accurately.

Money

 

Amounts of money are expressed in Dollars and Cents. One dollar ($1.00) equals 100 cents.

 

In English-speaking countries, we use a decimal point (.) between the dollar amount and the amount for cents.

Practice 15

Oral Practice: Pronouncing Dollar Amounts

Listen to your teacher say the amounts and repeat.

 

1. $1.25
2. $5.75
3. $20.15
4. $77.69
5. $100.00
6. $1,015.00
7. $65,000.00

Practice 16

Listening for Amounts of Money: Write the amounts that you hear.

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

 

Math Terms

 

Listen to the information in the video to understand basic math terms in English.

 

Math Terms in English

 

Practice 17

Listening for Math Terms: Write the answers to the basic math problems that you hear.

 

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2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

 

Practice 18

Using Math:

 

One person asks a math problem and call on a classmate to answer. If the answer is correct, that person will ask the class a new question, until everyone has a turn.

 

Example: What is five times five (5 x 5)? Twenty-five (25).

 

Note: In the United States, we use this symbol to mean divided by: )      . You will see a problem that looks like this: 4)12  . The answer 3 is placed above the line like you see in the example below:

 3

4)12.0 . Many countries show this same problem like this: 12 4

 

Also, in the United States we use the period (.) to show a decimal place. Example 1.5 = 1 and ½. Many countries use a comma (,) to show this relationship. Example: 1,5.

In addition, in the US we use a comma (,) to show divisions of hundreds and thousands. Example: 1,000 = one thousand. Many countries us a period (.) to show this relationship. Example: 1.000.

 

 

Practice 19

Story Telling: Listen and repeat. Use relaxed pronunciation.

 

		Lansing Mall
	$125.00	Department Store
	Food

 

1. Maria wants to go shopping for food and for items for her new apartment.
2. First, she makes a list of everything she needs.
3. Second, she goes to the mall.
4. She first shops at the furniture store.
5. She buys a sofa for $125.00.
6. Next, she shops at the department store.
7. She needs sheets for the bedroom, towels for the bathroom, and pots and pans for the kitchen.
8. Finally, she goes to the grocery store to buy food for the week.
9. She buys meat, dairy products, produce, and items for cooking like oil, flour, and sugar.

 

Practice 20

 

Answer questions about the story. Write your answer in a complete sentence.

1. What does Maria need to do?

 

2. What does she do first?

 

3. Where does she go first?

 

4. How much does she pay for the sofa?

 

5. In what kind of store does she buy the sofa?

 

6. What items does she buy next?

 

7. What kind of store has many different items for different purposes such as clothing, household items, tools, and so on?

 

8. What food items does Maria buy?

 

Practice 21

Dialogue: Practice the dialogue with a partner. Use relaxed pronunciation.

 

Maria: Excuse me. I’m looking for some sheets and towels. Can you help me?

Clerk: Of course. Sheets are in the bedding section on aisle 15 and towels are in the bath section on aisle 17. Kitchen towels are in the kitchen section on aisle 21.

Maria: Thanks. Do you have any good sales on the things I need?

Clerk: Absolutely! This week sheet sets are half off, towels are 2 for 1.

Maria: Great! Oh, and I need some pots and pans, too. They’re on aisle 21?

Clerk: Yes, that’s where you find everything for the kitchen.

Maria: Super! One more thing, do you take checks?

Clerk: We only take local checks with an ID, but we take credit and debit cards along with cash.

Maria: Thanks. You’re a great help!

Clerk: Let me know if I can do anything else for you.

Asking Prices

Some common expressions used in shopping are listed below:

1. Excuse me, how much is this?
2. Could you tell me how much this costs?
3. What’s the price for this?
4. How much does this cost?

Practice 22

Conversation: Practice the conversation with a partner. Substitute names of different items, aisle (the row where something is located) numbers, and prices.

 

A: Excuse me. I’m looking for ______________. Can you help me?

Clerk: Of course. __________ are in the ____________ section on aisle ____.

Maria: Thanks. Do you have any good sales on the things I need?

Clerk: Absolutely! This week _______ is / are ____________.

Maria: Great! Oh, and I need a / some ____________, too. Where is / are it / they?

Clerk: On ______________________.

Maria: Thanks. You’re a great help!

Clerk: Let me know if I can do anything else for you.

Practice 23

Role Play: Your teacher will give you a slip of paper with information about a situation related to shopping. With a partner, create a conversation that matches the situation. Then, share your role play with the class.

Practice 24

Dictation:

 

Write the sentences you hear using standard spelling. The speaker will use relaxed pronunciation.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Reading

 

 

Practice 24

Reading for Information:

 

The following video includes several charts and graphs. Watch the video and answer the questions about information in the charts and graphs.

 

Nutrition Facts: Protein

 

What amount of protein is found in jello?

 

How much more protein is in plant protein than animal protein?

 

How much is in whole milk?

 

What amount is in whole milk?

 

Which food has more protein: soybean meal or peanut meal?

Practice 25

Reading for Information:

 

In the reading below, many of the words will be new to you, but you will recognize many words, too. Read the article and answer the questions that follow.

Focus on understanding the main information, not on the words you don’t recognize.

 

What Is the Healthiest Diet?

By Michael Greger, M.D. FACLM

 

Bob and Sally are confused. They want to eat healthy, but there’s so much confusing information out there.

Which diet is really the best one? Yes, there’s calcium in cheese, protein in pork, and iron in beef. But, what about all the baggage that comes along with these nutrients—the dose of dairy hormones, the lard, the saturated fat?

As much as Burger King proclaims you can “Have It Your Way,” you can’t go up to the counter and ask for a burger, hold the saturated fat and cholesterol. Food is a package deal. Dairy is the #1 source of calcium in the United States—but it’s also the #1 source of saturated fat.

But what kind of baggage do you get along with the calcium in dark green leafy vegetables? Fiber, folate, iron, antioxidants—some of the very nutrients lacking in milk.

Plant foods average 64 times more antioxidants than animal foods. By getting most of your nutrition from whole plant foods, you get more of a bonus, instead of baggage.

When the National Pork Board promotes ham as an “excellent source of protein,” I can’t help but think of the famous quote from a McDonald’s senior vice president for marketing who, under oath in a court of law, described Coca-Cola as nutritious because it is “providing water.”

Research shows that a plant-based diet can help you lose weight, can be used to prevent and treat diabetes and heart disease, lower blood pressure, and can help you live longer. It looks like Grandma was right when she said, “Eat your veggies.”

What Is the Healthiest Diet? by Dr.Michael Greger, M.D. FACLM Source: Nutrition Facts.org is in the public domain.

 

 

Questions:

1. Does “veggies” mean vegetables or fruit?

 

2. Which organization promotes ham as “an excellent source of nutrition” according to the author of this article?

 

3. The author states that fast foods contain what nutrition problems?

 

4. Do plant foods or animal foods contain more antioxidants?

 

5. What diseases can plant-based diets help control?

 

6. Does the author seem to approve more of animal-based protein diets or plant-based protein diets?

Practice 26

Reading for Information:

 

Read the menu and the list of prices. Answer the questions that follow.

Menu Prices Whole Dinner $27.99 Ala Carte Turkey $18.79 Two Sides Come with Meal – 2 Sides Ala Carte $7.99 Choice of Dessert $5.99 Coffee $1.29 / Cheese $3.99 / Coffee and Cheese $5.59

Questions:

1. What kind of meal is this menu for?

 

2. Ala Carte means you can order items separately. If a customer orders everything that is included with the full meal, is the meal price or ala carte order less expensive?

 

3. All of the sides are what kind of foods: fruit or vegetables?

 

4. Tips (extra money a customer leaves for the server) are usually between 15% to 20% for the meal. How much is a 15% tip for the entire meal? How much is a 20% tip for the entire meal?

 

5. Think about the reading on protein from Practice 25. Do you think Dr. Greger would approve of this meal? Why or why not?

 

Reading – Fact and Opinion

 

When you read, it’s important to understand if the information is a fact or an opinion. Facts are statements that are true; they are statements that you can prove. Examples of facts are dates, scientific discoveries, information from maps, addresses. The sentence, “A banana is a fruit,” is a fact because you can check a dictionary or a book on nutrition and see that bananas are listed as a fruit.

 

Opinions are statements about the writer’s or speaker’s personal thoughts. Opinions cannot be checked. Even if many people agree, an opinion is still an opinion. The sentence, “Bananas are delicious,” is an opinion because whether something is delicious or not cannot be proven through an investigation. “Bananas include nutrients (vitamins and minerals),” is a fact because it is possible to investigate the content of a banana and find out if it contains vitamins and minerals. “Bananas are one of the best sources of vitamins,” is an opinion because it is not possible to prove the concept of “best”.

 

Practice 27

Fact or Opinion: Mark the statements below F for Fact or O for Opinion.

 

1. Chocolate is delicious.
2. Chocolate is a substance that comes from the cacao plant.
3. Sugar is the worst possible food you can eat.
4. Too much sugar can sometimes harm your health.
5. Coffee contains caffeine.
6. Coffee is a dangerous drink because it contains caffeine.
7. Venue – location of a store, restaurant, or hotel

Practice 28

Reading to Identify Fact and Opinion:

 

Read the article below and answer the questions that follow. The article includes words that are new for you. Focus on the words you know. Some important vocabulary from the article is listed below:

• Coveted – something many people want to have
• Culinary – related to cooking
• Chef – a professional cook
• Michelin Star – an award from the company Michelin, a company that reviews restaurants for travel guides (books that give people information when they plan to travel)
• Shocked – very surprised
• Signature – a person’s name signed – like on a check; a person’s own special product that only they produce
• Stall – a small, open shop located outside on a street or in the middle walkway of a shopping mall

First Street Food Stall in the World Wins Michelin Star

By Sheri Wetherell, August 23, 2016

 

A Singapore street food chef is the first in the World to win a Michelin star. Chan Hon Meng, chef and owner of Hong Kong Soya Sauce Chicken Rice and Noodle, won the coveted culinary award in July for his less than $2 a plate signature dish – the cheapest Michel-starred meal in the world. Chan, originally from Ipoh, Malaysia, learned how to cook from a Hong Kong chef in the 1980s, so he named his dish in honor of that experience. He’s been making it for the last 30 years from his stall located in Singapore’s Chinatown.

According to a video from the Michelin Guide Singapore, Chan was shocked when he received the call from the Michelin Guide about winning the star.

“I asked them, ‘Are you joking? Why would Michelin come to my stall?’ I said, ‘I’ve never heard of Michelin inspectors visiting a street stall, can even a hawker be nominated?’,” he said in the video below. When he asked if a street “hawker,” as they’re called in Singapore, could win a Michelin star, the Guide representative replied, “We only judge based on the food, not on the venue.”

Chan is working nearly 20 hours and sells around 180 each day in order to keep up with demand. That’s about 30 chickens more per day than before the star. He says he has no intentions of raising his prices due to his new fame, even though his supplier prices have increased four times in the past few years.

First Street Food Stall in the World Wins Michelin Star by Shari Wetherell Source: Foodista.com is licensed under a Creative Commons CC-By 3.0 license

1. Who Is the person who won the Michelin star?
2. Where is he from?
3. Where does he sell his food?
4. What is the food that won the award?
5. How did Chan feel when he won the award?
6. How many hours a day does he work?
7. How much do the noodles and chicken cost?
8. Where is Chan from?
9. Why did he win the award?
10. Is the statement, “the cheapest Michel-starred food in the world” a fact or an opinion? Why?

Spelling and Pronunciation

 

Listen to the video to pronounce the Short I sound.

 

Short I Sound

 

All Short i words have the spelling i followed by consonant (or more than one consonant) except for R.

Examples of Short I words are it, stick, fix, kid, pick, mix, lid, mitt, crib.

 

 

Practice 20.

 

Write the words you hear.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

 

Often, Short I and Short E sound very much alike in spoken English.

 

Practice 29

Listen to the words and mark an X in the correct column: Short I or Short E.

Word	Short I	Short E
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

 

Now, listen to the video to pronounce the Long I sound.

 

Long I Sound

 

Like long a and long e, long i has several different spellings. Long i spellings are _i_e (the e is silent – not pronounced), _i (one-syllable word), _y (one-syllable word), _ye (one-syllable word), and igh.

 

Examples of long i words are mile, ride, side, hi, try, my, why, dye, high, light, right.

 

Exception

 

Remember the words ie words with the long I sound noted in Unit 3: die, lie, pie, tie.

 

Also note the word buy (buy something – purchase something). This is the ONLY word that spells the long i sound “uy”.

 

The word “height” (how tall) sounds like long i even though the spelling is ei.

 

Homonyms

Remember from Unit 1 and Unit 3 that the term “homonyms means two or more words that sound EXACTLY the same but have different spellings AND different meanings. Some examples of long i homonyms are below:

 

Long E Homonyms

Word	Meaning
Right	1)    Not left 2)    Correct
Write	Use a pen or pencil to form letters into a message
Sight	Something that can be seen
Site	Specific location: worksite
Cite	To provide documentation for comments or references
Night	Time after the sun goes down
Knight	A soldier in medieval (1000 to 1400’s) times

 

 

 

Practice 30

Now, the words you hear may use any of the spelling patterns we have practiced in Unit 1, Unit 2, Unit 3, or this unit. The words may have the short a sound, the short e sound, or the short I. The words may be homonyms. Listen to the sentence to help you identify the word. Write the words you hear.

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14

15.

16.

17.

18,

19,

20.

 

 

Attributions – ESOL Level 1 Reading and Speaking Unit 4

Living Room Scene by VexStrips is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/300395/living-room-scene

 

Chairs by pexels is licensed under a Creative Commons CC0 license.  https://pixabay.com/en/chairs-contemporary-furniture-2181960/

 

Bedroom by saisint is licensed under a Creative Commons CC0 license. https://pixabay.com/en/bedroom-apartment-architecture-bed-1822410/

 

Bathroom by jamoluk is licensed under a Creative Commons CC0 license.  https://pixabay.com/en/bathroom-sink-mirror-apartment-2094716/

 

Kitchen by Vicious-Speed is licensed under a Creative Commons CC0 license.  https://pixabay.com/en/kitchen-room-kitchen-interior-1085990/

 

sofa – coloured by frankes is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/245463/sofa-coloured

 

Chair from Glitch by anarres is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/281231/chair-from-glitch

 

Wooden Table by bpcomp is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/26282/wooden-table

 

Chest of drawers by Machovka is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/2626/chest-of-drawers

 

Brown Bed with Brown Blanket by barnheartowl is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/244911/brown-bed-with-brown-blanket

 

Bathtub Antique by NiftyGaloot is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/241583/bathtubantique

 

Shower white by cyberscooty is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/181945/shower-white

 

Sink by Last-Dino is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/183124/sink

 

stove by cactus cowboy is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/284676/stove

 

Refrigerator by oksmith is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/296655/refrigerator

 

Cabinet from Glitch by anarres is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/279125/cabinet-from-glitch

 

Kitchen counter and sink from Glitch by anarres is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/253185/kitchen-counter-and-sink-from-glitch

 

Washing machine by Juhele anarres is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/295867/washing-machine

 

dishwasher by cactus cowboy is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/292296/dishwasher

 

Brown Bed with Brown Blanket by barnheartowl is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/244911/brown-bed-with-brown-blanket

 

Bathroom by jamoluk is licensed under a Creative Commons CC0 license.  https://pixabay.com/en/bathroom-sink-mirror-apartment-2094716/

 

Bedroom by saisint is licensed under a Creative Commons CC0 license. https://pixabay.com/en/bedroom-apartment-architecture-bed-1822410/

 

Brown Bed with Brown Blanket by barnheartowl is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/244911/brown-bed-with-brown-blanket

 

Window with draperies by freedo is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/3650/window-with-draperies

 

Pots and Pans by SunKing2 is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/301793/pots-and-pans

 

Pots and Pans by SunKing2 is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/301793/pots-and-pans

 

Coffee Maker Colour by j4p4n is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/269757/coffee-maker-colour

 

Pots and Pans by SunKing2 is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/301793/pots-and-pans

 

Cutlery Set by j4p4n is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/302945/cutlery-set

 

Cutlery Set by j4p4n is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/302945/cutlery-set

 

Cutlery Set by j4p4n is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/302945/cutlery-set

 

Milk and Cereal by efw89 is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/287012/milk-and-cereal

 

fruit plate by OlKu is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/183505/fruit-plate

 

vegetables by johnny_automatic is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/516/vegetables

 

fruit plate by OlKu is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/183505/fruit-plate

 

fruit plate by OlKu is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/183505/fruit-plate

 

fruit plate by OlKu is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/183505/fruit-plate

 

iceberg lettuce by cactus cowboy is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/291386/iceberg-lettuce

 

Tomato by arking is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/223820/Tomato

 

Ham – Colour by j4p4n is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/303163/ham-colour

 

rolled roast by johnny automatic is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/8643/rolled-roast

 

chicken with potatoes by Machovka is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/2585/chicken-with-potatoes

 

rolled roast by johnny automatic is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/8643/rolled-roast

 

chicken with potatoes by Machovka is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/2585/chicken-with-potatoes

 

Ham – Colour by j4p4n is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/303163/ham-colour

 

Brown Bed with Brown Blanket by barnheartowl is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/244911/brown-bed-with-brown-blanket

 

Cutlery Set by j4p4n is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/302945/cutlery-set

 

Ham – Colour by j4p4n is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/303163/ham-colour

 

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fruit plate by OlKu is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/183505/fruit-plate

 

Window with draperies by freedo is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/3650/window-with-draperies

 

Coffee Maker Colour by j4p4n is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/269757/coffee-maker-colour

 

Refrigerator by oksmith is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/296655/refrigerator

 

Chair from Glitch by anarres is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/281231/chair-from-glitch

 

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Chest of drawers by Machovka is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public  Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/2626/chest-of-drawers

 

Bedroom by saisint is licensed under a Creative Commons CC0 license. https://pixabay.com/en/bedroom-apartment-architecture-bed-1822410/

 

Bathroom by jamoluk is licensed under a Creative Commons CC0 license.  https://pixabay.com/en/bathroom-sink-mirror-apartment-2094716/

 

Chairs by pexels is licensed under a Creative Commons CC0 license.  https://pixabay.com/en/chairs-contemporary-furniture-2181960/Living room by Stocksnap is licensed under a Creative Commons CC0 license.

https://pixabay.com/en/living-room-sofa-couch-2569325/

 

Kitchen by Vicious-Speed is licensed under a Creative Commons CC0 license.  https://pixabay.com/en/kitchen-room-kitchen-interior-1085990/

 

Division Problem by James Sousa is licensed under a Creative Commons CC-BY license.

https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/oermath/ArithmeticCR/Ch1/1_3WholeNumMultDivide.pdf

 

Smiley Waving Goodbyeby barnheartowl is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/download/215285/sad-face-waving.svg

 

vegetables by johnny_automatic is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/516/vegetables

 

Window with draperies by freedo is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/3650/window-with-draperies

 

Pots and Pans by SunKing2 is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/301793/pots-and-pans

 

Smiley Waving Goodbyeby barnheartowl is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/download/215285/sad-face-waving.svg

 

While You Were Out (fixed) by Arvin61r58 is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/236485/while-you-were-out

 

crooked shopping mall by cirenovy https://www.openclipart.org/detail/236485/while-you-were-out

https://www.openclipart.org/detail/263216/crooked-shopping-mall

 

Brown Bed with Brown Blanket by barnheartowl is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/244911/brown-bed-with-brown-blanket

 

sofa – coloured by frankes is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/245463/sofa-coloured

 

sofa – coloured by frankes is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/245463/sofa-coloured

 

Store Front by j4p4n is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/272162/store-front

 

Double Bed by wakro is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/75763/double-bed

Rainbow Towels by j4p4n is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/237410/rainbow-towels

 

Pots and Pans by SunKing2 is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/301793/pots-and-pans

shopping bag by crisg is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/182771/shopping-bag

 

rolled roast by johnny automatic is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/8643/rolled-roast

 

Milk and Cereal by efw89 is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/287012/milk-and-cereal

 

vegetables by johnny_automatic is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/516/vegetables

 

Transcript: What Is the Healthiest Diet? by Michael Greger, M.D. FACLM is licensed under a Creative Commons CC-BY NC-4.0 license. https://nutritionfacts.org/video/what-is-the-healthiest-diet/

 

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First Street Food Stall in the World Wins Michelin Star by Sheri Wetherell is licensed under a Creative Commons CC-By 3.0 license http://www.foodista.com/blog/2016/08/23/first-street-food-stall-in-the-world-wins-michelin-star

 

Knight on a Horse by j4p4n is licensed under as Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/281866/knight-on-a-horse

 

 

 

Part 2

 

Grammar and Writing Foundations

 

 

Unit 1

 

Be

The verb “be” does NOT show action. This verb connects the noun or a pronoun at the beginning of the sentence to the words that come after the verb.

 

Subject Pronouns and Verb “Be” Present Tense (Time)

I am	We are
You are	You are
He is	They are
She is	They are
It is	They are

 

The noun or pronoun at the beginning of a sentence is called the SUBJECT. The noun, pronoun, or adjective that follows the verb “to be” is called the COMPLEMENT. When the verb in a sentence is a form of “to be”, the SUBJECT and the COMPLEMENT refer to the SAME person, place, or thing.

I am a teacher. I = teacher

You are a student. You = student

Detroit is big. Detroit = big.

 

Nouns

 

Nouns name people (man, teacher), places (school, city), or things (book, paper).

 

Pronouns

Pronouns substitute for nouns.

Pronouns (Subject)

I	We
You	You
He	They
She	They
It	They

 

Practice 1

Replace the nouns that are subjects in the sentences below with pronouns.

 

1. The book ______ is on the table.

 

2. Marta _____ is a student.

 

3. The papers _______ are on the desk.

 

4. Dominguez and Ms. Yang _______ are teachers.

 

5. Dominguez __________ is a teacher.

 

6. The pen ______ is blue.

 

7. Susan and I _______ are friends.

 

8. Paolo _______ is from Brazil.

 

Practice 2

Use the correct base form of “be” in the sentences below.

 

1. The book ______ on the table.

 

2. Marta ______ a student.

 

3. The papers ______ on the desk.

 

4. Dominguez and Ms. Yang ______ teachers.

 

5. The pen ______ blue.

 

6. Susan and I ______ friends.

 

7. Paolo ______ from Brazil.

 

8. I ______ in class.

 

Contractions

 

Contractions are short forms of a subject pronoun and a verb. In this unit, we focus on contractions with “be”. In a contraction, an apostrophe (‘) substitutes for one of the letters in the verb. Listen to the pronunciation of the contractions.

 

Contractions with Be

I am = I’m	We are = We’re
You are = You’re	You are = You’re
He is = He’s	They are = They’re
She is = She’s	They are = They’re
It is = It’s	They are = They’re

 

 

Practice 3.

You will hear a sentence using a contraction. Write the letter of the sentence beside the full form of the pronoun and verb that matches the contraction you hear.

 

1. I am _______________

 

2. He is _______________

 

 

3. She is _______________

 

4. It is_______________

 

 

5. You are _______________

 

6. We are _______________

 

 

7. They are _______________

 

Practice 4

Listening for Contractions: Write the letter of the sentence you hear beside the picture.

 

 

 

Practice 5

Rewrite the sentences using contractions.

 

1. It is a book.

___________________________________________________.

2. He is a student.

_____________________________________________________.

 

3. She is from Argentina.

_____________________________________________________.

 

4. We are at school.

_____________________________________________________.

 

5. They are in English class.

_____________________________________________________.

 

6. The pen is on the table.

_____________________________________________________.

 

7. Sam is at home.

_____________________________________________________.

 

8. The students are in the classroom.

 

Word Order

 

Word order in English is very important. Words must be used in a specific order. Changing the word order in English changes the purpose of the word, which changes the meaning of the sentence.

In English, the Subject (the person or thing you are talking about) usually comes before the verb (the action or “be”.)

 

Practice 6

In the sentences below, write S over the Subject and V over the Verb.

 

1. It is a book.

 

2. He is a student.

 

 

3. She is from Argentina.

 

4. We are at school.

 

5. They are in English class.

 

6. The pen is on the table.

 

7. Sam is at home.

 

8. The students are in the classroom.

 

Word Order for Questions with “Be”

 

When you ask a question, and the verb is “be”, the verb comes before the subject.

 

Questions with Be

Am I?	Are we?
Are you?	Are you?
Is he?	Are they?
Is she?	Are they?
Is it?	Are they?

 

Practice 7

Change the sentences below from statements to questions.

 

1. It is a book.

_________a book?

 

2. He is a student.

_________a student?

 

3. She is from Argentina.

 

________from Argentina?

 

4. We are at school.

 

________at school?

 

5. They are in English class.

_________ in English class?

 

6. The pen is on the table.

_________ on the table?

 

7. Sam is at home.

____________ at home?

 

8. The students are in the classroom.

_____________ in the classroom?

 

Practice 8.

Write 5 questions to ask your classmates. Then, ask your classmates the questions, and write their answers below your questions.

 

1. Question __________________________________________?

Answer____________________________________________.

 

2. Question___________________________________________?

Answer_____________________________________________.

 

3. Question___________________________________________?

Answer_____________________________________________.

 

4. Question___________________________________________?

Answer_____________________________________________.

 

5. Question___________________________________________?

Answer_____________________________________________.

 

Word Order for Negatives with “Be”

 

When you make a negative statement and the verb is “be”, “not” comes after the verb. The pattern is Subject Verb Not.

 

Negatives with Be

I am not.	We are not.
You are not.	You are not.
He is not.	They are not.
They are not.	They are not.
It is not.	They are not.

 

Practice 9

Change the sentences below to negative statements.

 

1. It is a book.

_________a book.

 

2. He is a student.

_________a student.

 

3. She is from Argentina.

 

________from Argentina.

 

4. We are at school.

 

________at school.

 

5. They are in English class.

_________ in English class.

 

6. The pen is on the table.

_________ on the table.

 

7. Sam is at home.

____________ at home.

 

8. The students are in the classroom.

_____________ in the classroom.

 

Negative Contractions

To use a negative form of a contraction, add “not” after the contraction: I’m not. You’re not. He’s not.

It is also possible to form a contraction for “is not” – “isn’t” and “are not” – “aren’t”.

Listen to the pronunciation of the negative contractions.

 

Negative Contractions with Be

I am not = I’m not	We are not = We’re not We aren’t
You are not  = You’re not   You aren’t	You are not = You’re not   You aren’t
He is = He’s not     He isn’t	They are = They’re not   They aren’t
She is = She’s not     She isn’t	They are = They’re not    They aren’t
It is = It’s not   It isn’t	They are = They’re not   They aren’t

 

Practice 10.

You will hear a sentence using a negative contraction. Write the letter of the sentence beside the full form of the pronoun and verb that matches the negative contraction you hear.

 

1. I am not _______________

 

2. He is not _______________

 

 

3. She is not _______________

 

4. It is not _______________

 

 

5. You are not_______________

 

6. We are not_______________

 

 

7. They are not_______________

 

Practice 11

Write the letter of the sentence you hear.

 

	The book isn’t on the table.
	Ms. Yang isn’t a teacher.
	They aren’t in English class.
	He isn’t at home.
	They aren’t on the table.
	It’s not on the table.
	I’m not Dr. Mohammed.

 

 

Short Answers

 

Sometimes, only a short answer to a question is required. Example: “Are you from Michigan? Yes, I am from Michigan” (complete sentence). OR “Are you from Michigan?” “Yes, I am” (short answer) or negative “No, I’m not” (negative short answer).

 

Short Answers with Be

Yes, I am.	No, I’m not.
Yes, he is.	No, he’s not. No, he isn’t.
Yes, she is.	No, she’s not. No, she isn’t.
Yes, it is.	No, it’s not. No, it isn’t.
Yes, we are.	No, we’re not. No, we aren’t.
Yes, you are.	No, you’re not. No, you aren’t.
Yes, they are.	No, they’re not. No, they aren’t.

 

Practice 12.

Review the questions you wrote in Practice 8. Ask the questions again, but answer using short answers. Write the short answers below.

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

 

Writing

 

Rules for using capital (Large form) letters and punctuation marks (. or ‘) in sentences:

 

1. Use capital letters for names of people, places, and things and titles.
2. Use capital letters for the first word of a sentence.
3. Use a capital letter for the pronoun “I” anywhere in a sentence.
4. Use small letters for all words that are not names.
5. Use a period at the end of a sentence.
6. Use a period after abbreviations (Mr., Mrs., Ms., Dr.)
7. Use an apostrophe (‘) in contractions.

 

 

Practice 13

Write the nouns you hear using a capital letter for names and a small letter for words that are not names.

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Practice 14

Complete the sentence. Then, copy the complete sentence. Make sure to use capital letters for the first word and for names and to use a period (.) at the end of the sentence.

 

My name is ___________________________. ____________________________________________

 

I am from _____________________________.

_______________________________________________

 

I’m from __________________________________.

_____________________________________________

 

I speak ______________________________.

___________________________________________

 

I live in ________________________________.

____________________________________________

 

My address is _________________________________.

_________________________________________

 

My classmate is __________________________________.

__________________________________________

 

He/She is from ___________________________.

___________________________________________

Practice 15

Complete the application, using capital letters and periods where needed.

Lansing Community College – Application for Admission Last Name ______________First Name ____________   M.I. ____________ Address _______________________________________ City _______________________________  Zip Code ________________ Date of Birth (Month) _________________   (Day)  ____  (Year)  ___________ Country of Birth  ________________________________________ Date of High School Completion _____________________

 

Practice 16

Journal 1. Write 10 sentences about yourself. Use capital letters and correct punctuation.

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

 

 

Attributions – Grammar and Writing Unit 1

 

The Big Grammar Book by Mark Purland is in the Public Domain.

 

pronoun, I by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191099/pronoun-i

 

pronoun, we by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public  Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191094/pronoun-we

 

pronoun, you by loveandread https://openclipart.org/detail/191102/pronoun-youye https://openclipart.org/detail/191100/pronoun-you

pronoun, you(ye) by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public  Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191102/pronoun-youye

 

pronoun, he by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191097/pronoun-he

pronoun, they by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191095/pronoun-they

 

pronoun, she by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191096/pronoun-she

 

pronoun, they by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191095/pronoun-they

 

Book by Tibetan_Fox is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191668/book

 

books – coloured by frankes is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License

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pronoun, I by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191099/pronoun-i

 

pronoun, we by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191094/pronoun-we

 

pronoun, you by loveandread https://openclipart.org/detail/191102/pronoun-youye https://openclipart.org/detail/191100/pronoun-you

 

pronoun, you(ye) by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191102/pronoun-youye

 

pronoun, he by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License

https://openclipart.org/detail/191097/pronoun-he

pronoun, they by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License

https://openclipart.org/detail/191095/pronoun-they

pronoun, she by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191096/pronoun-she

pronoun, they by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191095/pronoun-they

 

Book by Tibetan_Fox is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191668/book

 

books – coloured by frankes is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/245570/bookes-coloured

 

pronoun, I by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191099/pronoun-i

 

pronoun, we by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191094/pronoun-we

 

pronoun, you by loveandread https://openclipart.org/detail/191102/pronoun-youye https://openclipart.org/detail/191100/pronoun-you

pronoun, you(ye) by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191102/pronoun-youye

 

pronoun, he by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191097/pronoun-he

 

pronoun, they by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191095/pronoun-they

 

pronoun, she by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191096/pronoun-she

pronoun, they by loveandread is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191095/pronoun-they

 

Book by Tibetan_Fox is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/191668/book

 

books – coloured by frankes is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/245570/bookes-coloured

 

Library – Bibliothèque – extra contrast – book titles converted to paths by The Martin is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/268482/library-bibliotheque-extra-contrast-book-titles-converted-to-paths

 

Maths Teacher by j4p4n is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/294788/maths-teacher

 

kitchen with gerbera by yamachem is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://www.openclipart.org/detail/276610/kitchen-with-gerbera

Cafe table by Firkin is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/302652/cafe-table

 

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Unit 2

 

Grammar

 

Possessive Adjectives

 

Use these words to show ownership.

 

Possessive Adjectives

I – My   This is my book.	We – Our   This is our book.
He – His   This is his book.	You – Your   This is your book.
She – Her   This is her book.	They – Their   This is their book.
It – Its   This is its cover.

 

Practice 1

Use the possessive adjective that matches the noun or pronoun.

 

1. This is _______ (Ms. Yang) pen.

 

2. Where is _______ (Paolo) pencil?

 

3. ______ (I) book is at home.

 

4. _______ (Mr. Hernandez and I) papers are on the table.

 

5. When is _______ (you) book due at the library?

 

6. _______ (the book) page is torn.

 

7. _______ (Mr. Hernandez and Ms. Yang) books are on the table.

 

Singular and Plural

 

One person, place, or thing is a singular noun. Two or more people, places, or things are plural nouns.

To make most nouns plural, add “s” at the end of the word.

Example: 1 book – 2 books; 1 dog – 5 dogs; 1 girl – many girls

There are several more spelling patterns for plural nouns. Except for the words that follow these patterns, all other nouns follow the “s” rule.

 

Nouns Ending in S, X, CH, SH, Z Add ES

X	Box Fox Ax Ox	Boxes   Foxes   Axes     Oxen
S	Bus   Glass	Buses Glasses
Ch	Church   Match Watch	Churches Matches   Watches
Sh	Dish	Dishes
Z	Fizz	Fizzes

 

Nouns Ending in Y

Y (after vowel)	Boy   Toy   Day	Boys   Toys     Days
Y (after consonant)	Library   Canary	Libraries Canaries

 

Nouns Ending in O

O (after vowel)	Zoo c   Radio   Igloo	Zoos Radios     Igloos
O (after consonant)	Potato   Tomato	Potatoes     Tomatoes
O (exceptions)	Photo   Zero0   Memo   Words related to music: Piano Cello Soprano	Photos   Zeros 0 0 Memos   Words related to music:   Pianos   Cellos Sopranos

 

Nouns Ending in F / FE

F	Leaf Hoof    (1) Wolf	Leaves Hooves  (4)   Wolves
Fe	Knife   Wife	Knives Wives
F/Fe (exceptions)	Roof Cuff (1 only) Handcuff (1 only) Chef   Chief   #1   Cliff Giraffe Safe	Roofs Cuffs (2)   Handcuffs (2)   Chefs   Chiefs #1 1     Cliffs Giraffes     Safes

 

Irregular Plurals

Tooth Foot Goose	Teeth Feet   Geese
Mouse	Mice
Man	Men
Woman	Women
Child	Children
Person	People

 

Same Form for Singular and Plural (Collective Nouns)

Deer (1, 5, 50, 500)

Reindeer (1, 5, 50, 500)

Moose (1, 5, 50, 500)

Elk (1, 5, 50, 500)

Sheep (1, 5, 50, 500)

Fish (1, 5, 50, 500)

 

Practice 2

Complete each sentence, changing each noun to plural form.

 

1. There are thousands of (person) ____________ living in the city.

 

2. How many (student) _________________ do you think attend this school?

 

3. (Goose)______________ fly south in the winter and return in the spring.

 

4. (Man)_______ and (woman)________ have the opportunity to study in college today.

 

5. Do you like (fish)_________?

 

6. (Elk)__________ and (moose)_____________ live in the western and northwestern areas of North America.

 

7. Basketball is a popular sport for (boy)__________ and (girl)_________________.

 

8. How many (book)__________ do you need for class?

 

9. There are several (library)___________ in the area near this school.

 

10. Please wash the (dish)______________.

 

11. There are many (church)___________downtown.

 

12. (Bus)_______________pass by the school all day.

 

13. We have a lot of (box)________________ in the office.

 

14. The (buzz)_____________ of the alarm sound every hour.

 

15. Put the (glass)______________ in the dishwasher.

 

16. Do you want mashed (potato)_________________ or french (fry)_____________?

 

17. Are (piano)________________ and (cello)______________difficult to play?

 

18. The (roof)____________ on several of the (building)_____________ need (repair)_______________.

 

19. (Leaf)_________________ change color in the fall.

 

20. Do you have any (child)______________________?

 

Practice 3

Listen to the words and write S if the word is singular (one) or P if the word is plural (more than one).

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

 

A/An

 

Always use a number or an article (a, an, the) before a singular noun. In this unit we will work only with “a” and “an”. Do not use “a” or “an” before a plural (more than one) noun.

Example: There is one book on the table. OR There is a book on the table.

 

Use “a” before a word that begins with a consonant sound. Use “an” before a word that begins with a vowel sound.

Example: a book, a girl, a pen, a pencil, a paper, a child, a library, a computer

Example: an English class, an interesting book, an igloo, an umbrella, an apple

 

Exception: The word “x-ray” uses “an” because the sound is a vowel – (e)xray. Words that begin with “uni” use “a” because the sound is a consonant – (y)unit, (y)unique.

 

***Note: Do NOT use “a”, “an” or “the” before the name of a specific place: Michigan (not a Michigan).

 

Practice 4

Listen to the words and decide if you should use “a” or “an”. Mark an X in the correct box.

 

Word	A	An
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

 

Practice 5

In the sentences below, write “a” or “an” if the word is needed. Leave the space blank if “a” or “an” is not needed (before plural nouns – more than one).

 

1. There is ___________ book on the table.

 

2. _________ Students are in English class.

 

3. How many _______ apples do you have?

 

4. Would you like _______ apple?

 

5. I want to read ______ good book.

 

6. I want to read _______ interesting book.

 

7. I like ______ interesting books.

 

8. _______ igloo is a type of building in _____ Alaska.

 

9. ______ Five pencils are on _______ table.

 

10. I have _____ cat.

 

Prepositions

 

Prepositions join a noun to a sentence.

Example sentences without a preposition:

1. John is the store.
2. Marta drives school.
3. Ali is an engineer Michigan.

None of the sentences give a complete idea. The preposition connects the noun and makes the idea complete.

Example sentences with a preposition:

1. John is at the store.
2. Marta drives to
3. Ali is an engineer in

Prepositions also show different relationships.

1. John is at the store. (at = location of a specific place)
2. Marta drives to (to = direction)
3. Ali is an engineer in (in = location of a large area)

At – In – On

 

Three of the most commonly-used prepositions are “at”, “in”, and “on”. All three can show a relationship with time and with location.

 

“At” shows a specific time or a specific place.

Example:

1. Class begins at 9 o’clock.
2. We finish at noon.
3. I get up at 6:15 a.m.
4. Take a break at 11:30.
5. Paolo studies English at the college.
6. Yang teaches at the high school.
7. Mohammed works at the hospital.
8. Hernandez is at the library.

“In” shows a general time (time quantity) or a general location (large area) or inside an area.

1. Class begins in fifteen minutes.
2. We finish in two hours.
3. I get up in a little while.
4. Take a break in a minute.
5. Paolo studies English in Lansing.
6. Yang teaches in DeWitt.
7. Mohammed works in Detroit.
8. Hernandez is in the building.

“On” shows a specific day/date or an object connecting on top of another object and touching the object.

2. Class begins on September 2.
3. We finish the work week on Friday.
4. My birthday is on August 21.
5. On Saturday we play soccer.
6. The book is on the table.
7. Her pencils are on the desk.
8. The picture is on the wall.
9. The paper is on the floor.

 

Practice 6

Use the preposition to complete the sentence so that the statement matches the picture.

1. The books are _____________ the shelf.
2. Maria is __________ the store.

 

 

3. Class begins ______________ nine o’clock.

 

 

4. Lin is __________________ the kitchen.

 

5. The school is _____________ Shiawassee Avenue.

 

 

6. The board is _____________ the wall.

 

 

7. The notebook is _______________ the backpack.

 

8. We live _____________ Lansing.

 

 

9. Michigan is ______________ the United States.

 

Practice 7

Follow the directions you hear.

 

Practice 8

Complete the story, using “a” or “an” and using the correct preposition.

 

Maria and Ali live _____________ Lansing. They take ___________ English class ________ _______ community college. Class begins ________ 9:00 a.m. and ends __________ noon. After class, Ali studies ________ the college library, and _________ 3:00 p.m. he goes to work. Ali takes the bus to work. His job is _________ _______ bookstore _________ Saginaw Highway. Ali works as _________ manager __________ the Customer Service department. From Monday to Friday, Ali finishes work _________ 9:00 p.m. _________ Saturday, he starts work __________ 9:00 a.m. and finishes ______ 5:00 p.m. __________ Sunday, he doesn’t work, so he spends time ___________ home with his family.

 

 

Idioms with Prepositions

 

Idioms are expressions that are specific to a language. Every language has idioms. It is impossible to directly translate an idiom to another language because each idiom expresses a specific idea in that language. English has some idioms that use “at”, “in”, and “on” in specific ways. More idioms with these prepositions will follow in other units.

 

1. In school = To be a student.

Example:

• Maria is at school gives Maria’s location.
• Maria is in school = Maria is a student.

 

2. In the hospital = admitted to the hospital.

Example:

• Ali is at the hospital gives Ali’s location.
• Ali is in the hospital = Ali is sick and is staying in the hospital overnight.

 

3. In a movie / concert / play / game = to be a performer.

Example:

• Paolo is at a movie gives Paolo’s location.
• Paolo is in a movie = Paolo is an actor performing.
• Paolo is at a game gives Paolo’s location.
• Paolo is in a game = Paolo is playing as a team member.
• Paolo is at a play gives Paolo’s location (at a theater).
• Paolo is in a play = Paolo is an actor performing on stage.
• Paolo is at concert gives Paolo’s location.
• Paolo is in a concert = Paolo is a musician performing.

Practice 9

Use the correct preposition for each sentence.

 

1. Hernandez is a teacher. He is __________ school.
2. Paolo is a student. He is __________ school.
3. Paolo works _____________ a store.
4. Ali likes movies. Right now he is ________ a movie.
5. Harrison Ford is a famous actor who is ___________ the movie.
6. Maria broke her arm, so she is ___________the hospital till tomorrow.
7. Maria’s friend is sick. She went to see her friend __________ the hospital.
8. Hernandez loves baseball. He is ____________ a Detroit Tigers’ game.
9. The Detroit Tigers are ___________ a game on Saturday.

 

Practice 10

Fill in the blank by choosing the correct word and by forming plurals.

Paolo has (a / an) ____________ job (at / in) __________ Lansing Mall (in / on) __________Saginaw Highway (at / in) ___________ Lansing. He works (at / in) ___________ (a / an) ____________ bookstore (in / on)____________ the Customer Service department. Everyday he sees over fifty (customer) _______________. He helps them with (his / their) ____________ (problem) _____________. (Her /  his) ___________ job is sometimes difficult because some (person)___________ ask him to do things that are impossible. For example, yesterday some (woman) ____________ wanted to return three (dictionary)______________. They said the (book)____________ were too hard for (her / their)____________ (child)______________. Unfortunately, the (child)_____________ had written (at / in) all of the (book)__________. Paolo could not give the (lady) ___________ (a / an) _________ refund or even offer (a / an) _________ exchange because of the (damage)______________. They were angry and asked to speak to (his / her) ___________ manager. The manager repeated the store (policy)_______________ on returning merchandise: return within two (weeks)____________, bring (a / an) ____________ receipt, and the (item)_____________ must have no (damage)____________. The angry (customer)______________ said they would not shop in this store again and left. Paolo’s manager congratulated Paolo and said he took care of (a / an) ____ difficult situation well.

This / These and That / Those

 

The words “this”, “these”, “that”, and “those” show location in relation to the speaker.

“This” points out a singular object near the speaker.

“These points out plural objects near the speaker.

Example: This is my book.   OR These are my books.

“That” shows a singular object some distance from the speaker.

Example: That is his book.  >>>>>>>>>>>  OR

Those are his books.  >>>>>>>>>>>>

 

Practice 11

Watch the video and circle the correct choice: “This”, “That”, “These”, or “Those”.

 

Practice: This, That, These, Those

 

1. This, That, These, Those
2. This, That, These, Those
3. This, That, These, Those
4. This, That, These, Those
5. This, That, These, Those
6. This, That, These, Those
7. This, That, These, Those
8. This, That, These, Those
9. This, That, These, Those
10. This, That, These, Those
11. This, That, These, Those
12. This, That, These, Those

Practice 12

Point to an object or objects near you and describe it / them: This is my book. OR These are my books.

Then, point to an object or objects near a classmate and describe it / them: That is her / his pencil. OR Those are her / his pencils.

There is / There are

The expressions “There is” and “There are” show that a person or thing is present.

Example: There is a teacher in the classroom.

Example: There are books on the shelf.

 

 

Practice 13

One person will make a statement about an item or items in the classroom. Then, ask a classmate to point to the object/objects described.

 

Example:  a) There is a white board on the wall. Then, the classmate called on points to the white board.

Example: a) There are pencils on the desk. Then, the classmate called on points to the pencils on the desk.

 

Practice 14

Use “There is” or “There are” to complete the sentences.

1. ____________________ a book on the shelf.
2. ____________________many students in the room.
3. ____________________ several children in the library.
4. ____________________a red car next to my car.
5. ____________________ people outside the room.

 

Questions with “There is” and “There are”

To ask a question, use “Is there…?” or “Are there…?” REMEMBER Unit 1 – Questions with “Be”.

Practice 15

Change the statements from Practice 14 to questions.

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

 

Negatives with “There is” and “There are”

 

To make “There is “ or “There are” negative, use one of the two forms below:

There is no ____________. (For example, there is no paper).

There are no ______________. (For example, there are no students in class.

OR you may use a contraction with the adverb “any”.

There isn’t any________________ (For example, there isn’t any paper).

There aren’t any ____________. (For example, There aren’t any students in class.)

 

Practice 16

Change the statements from Practice 14 to questions. Use both forms of the negative statement.

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

 

Verb Forms

 

English verbs have 6 forms. These forms are listed below.

• Be
• Base Form Verb
• Verb + Do
• Verb + Ing
• Verb + Have
• Verb + Will or Modal

The different combinations of verb forms tell your listener or reader the time (present, past, future) and whether the action is or was complete or ongoing at the time of the action.

 

The verb form also relates to the subject. Remember that “be” has a different form depending on the subject; for example, “I am”; “You are”, “He is”.

 

In Unit 1, we worked with “Be” to show present time. In this unit, we worked with “Be” to show location with “This / That / These / Those” and to show presence with “There is / There are”.

 

 

Now, we are going to work with Base Form Verbs to give instructions and with Verbs + Do to show present time.

Imperatives – Base Form Verbs

 

The base form of a verb used by itself gives an order or an instruction / direction. This form is also called the IMPERATIVE form. This form is used with any verb to tell someone what to do.

Example:

• Be quiet.
• Sit down.
• Study for the test.
• Go to work.
• Help me.
• Eat your breakfast.

To be polite, we often add “Please” before the verb: “Please sit down.”

Practice 17

Use the base form of each verb to give a direction.

 

1. (Be) ______________ quiet.
2. (Sit) Please, ____________ at the desk.
3. (Come) ______________ in and (begin)_______________ to work.
4. (Go) ___________ to the store and (buy) ___________ some milk.
5. (Study) Please __________ chapter 7 for tomorrow.

Negative Instructions (Negative Imperatives)

 

To tell someone NOT to do something, add “Do not” or “Don’t” in front of the base form verb. You can be polite and say “Please do not” or “Please don’t).

Practice 18

Rewrite the instructions from Practice 17 as a negative. Use both forms: Do not and Don’t.

 

1. (Be) ______________ quiet.
3. (Sit) Please, ____________ at the desk.
5. (Come) ______________ in and (begin)_______________ to work.
7. (Go) ___________ to the store and (buy) ___________ some milk.
9. (Study) Please __________ chapter 7 for tomorrow.

Practice 19

In the recipe below, circle the verbs that give instructions. You should find 21 verbs. One is negative.

 

White Chicken Enchilada Casserole

Ingredients:
10 corn flour tortillas, diced
3-4 cups cooked, diced chicken
2 cups shredded Monterey Jack cheese
3 Tbsp. butter
3 Tbsp. gluten-free flour mix
2 cups boiling water
2 bullion cubes
1 cup sour cream
1/2 cup of diced green bell pepper
1/2 cup of diced orange bell pepper
1/2 cup of diced onions

Instructions:

1. Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Grease an 8×10 pan.
2. Mix chicken, tortillas and 1 cup cheese. Pour into greased pan.
3. Microwave water and bullion cubes for 1 minute 30 seconds, stirring halfway through.
4. In a sauce pan, melt butter, stir in flour and cook 1 minute. Add bullion mixture and whisk until smooth. Heat over medium heat until thick and bubbly.
5. Stir in sour cream, onions and bell peppers. Do not bring to boil, you don’t want curdled sour cream.
6. Pour over the chicken mixture and stir.  Top with remaining cheese.
7. Bake 25 minutes.  Once done, sprinkle cheese over casserole and return to the oven.  Turn off the oven and leave in until all the cheese is melted.  If you want to brown the cheese, turn the oven to high broil for 3 minutes.

White Chicken Enchildada Casserole by Open Source Cook Source: Open Source Cook.com is in the Public Domain

Practice 20

Write your own instructions to make one of your favorite foods. Begin on the line below.

 

___________________________________________________________

 

 

___________________________________________________________

 

 

___________________________________________________________

 

 

____________________________________________________________

 

 

Practice 21

For each picture, write an instruction.

­­­­­­­­­­_____________________________________

 

__________________________________

 

__________________________________

__________________________________________

 

4. _______________________________________________

Present Time – Base Verbs / Base Verbs + Do

 

All verbs except “Be” use the pattern below to show an action or a condition in the present time. Use this pattern to talk about actions that are routine, that happen regularly, or to talk about facts that are constant and do not change.

 

 

Example: I get up at six o’clock. (This is what I do routinely, regularly).

Example: The United States Congress makes laws for the country. (This is a fact that is true now, was true in the past, and will be true in the future.)

 

Base Form Verbs – Statements

I work	He works
You work	She works
We work	It works
They work

 

IMPORTANT: Remember to add “s” to the verb for “he”, “she”, “it” AND for a noun that names a single person or thing like “Juan”, “Hannah”, “the car”.

Note: For verbs that end in “y”, “o”, or “s, x, ch, sh, z”, follow the spelling rules for plurals when you are using “he”, “she”, “it”.

 

Example:

1. I study. He studies. (Study = consonant before y).
2. I play. He plays. (Play = vowel before y).
3. I go. Paul goes. (Go = consonant before o).
4. We coo at the baby. The baby coos. (Coo = vowel before o).
5. They wash the dishes. Paolo washes the dishes. (Use es after sh).
6. We watch tv. Susana watches tv. (Use es after ch).
7. I fix the car. Julio fixes the car. (Use es after x).
8. Bees buzz. The bee buzzes. (use es after z).
9. I stress about tests. Maria stresses about tests. (Use es after s).

Note: The verb “have” changes form for “he”, “she” “it”.

I have a big family. Ali has a big family.

 

Practice 22

Read the information about Maya Angelou’s daily routine and list the verbs that you find in the story. Only list verbs that show present time statements.

 

Maya Angelou Daily Routine

 

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20.

 

Practice 23

Each person will tell the group about one action they perform regularly. Listen and write what the person says using “he” or “she”. Remember to add “s” to the verb.

 

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Practice 24

Write 5 actions you perform regularly and 5 facts about your country or about this country.

Example: I study English. Michigan has a lot of farms.

 

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10.

 

Present Time Negatives – Verb + Do

 

To make a negative statement, add “do not” or “don’t” in front of the verb. This is the same pattern you use to give a negative instruction. For “he”, “she”, and “it”, add “does not” or “doesn’t” in front of the verb. When you use “does not / doesn’t”, the verb has no “s”.

 

Negatives – Verb + Do (Present Tense / Time)

I do not work. I don’t work.	He does not work. He doesn’t work.
You do not work. You don’t work.	She does not work. She doesn’t work.
We do not work. We don’t work.	It does not work. It doesn’t work.
They do not work. They don’t work.

 

Note: You will follow the same word order pattern for all negative statements, for all verbs except “Be”.

 

Practice 25.

Change the sentences you wrote in Practice 24 to negatives. Use both forms: “do not / don’t” for each sentence. Remember that when you use “does not” or “doesn’t”, the verb does not have “s”.

 

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Present Time Questions – Verb + Do

 

To ask a question, use “Do I, Do you, Do we, Do they” in front of the verb. For “he”, “she”, and “it”, use “Does he, Does she, Does it” in front of the verb. When you use “does”, the verb has no “s”.

 

Questions – Verb + Do (Present Tense / Time)

Do I work?	Does he work?
Do you work?	Does she work?
Do we work?	Does it work?
Do they work?

 

Note: You will follow the same word order pattern for all questions in all tenses (times), for all verbs except “Be”.

 

Practice 26.

Change the sentences you wrote in Practice 24 to questions. Remember that when you use “does”, the verb does not have “s”.

 

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2.

3.

4.

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6.

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9.

10.

 

Short Answers

Sometimes, only a short answer to a question is required. Example: “Do you work at Meijer?” Yes, I work at Meijer” (complete sentence) OR “Yes, I do,” (short answer) or negative “No, I do not / No, I don’t” (negative short answer).

 

Short Answers – Verb + Do (Present Tense / Time)

Yes, I do.  No, I do not. / No, I don’t	Yes, he does. No, he does not. / No, he doesn’t.
Yes, we do. No, we do not. / No, we don’t.	Yes, she does. No, she does not. / No, she doesn’t
Yes, you do. No, you do not. / No, they don’t.	Yes, it does. No, it does not. / No, it doesn’t.
Yes, they do. No, they do not. / No, they don’t

 

Practice 27.

Review the questions you wrote in Practice 26. Write the short answers below.

 

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Question Words

 

We often add specific words to questions: When, Where, Why, How, How many / How much / How often, What time. Add these words at the beginning of a sentence. Example: When do you get up?

 

Practice 28.

Review the reading on Maya Angelou. Use a specific question word to write a question for each of the verbs you listed in Practice 22. Then, write the answer in a complete sentence.

 

Maya Angelou Daily Routine

1. Question:

Answer:

 

2. Question:

Answer:

3. Question:

Answer:

 

4. Question:

Answer:

 

5. Question:

Answer:

 

6. Question:

Answer:

 

7. Question:

Answer:

 

8. Question:

Answer:

 

9. Question:

Answer:

 

10. Question:

Answer:

 

11. Question:

Answer:

 

12. Question:

Answer:

 

13. Question:

Answer:

 

14. Question:

Answer:

 

15. Question:

Answer:

 

16. Question:

Answer:

 

17. Question:

Answer:

 

18. Question:

Answer:

 

19. Question:

Answer:

 

20. Question:

Answer:

 

21. Question:

Answer:

 

22. Question:

Answer:

 

Practice 29.

Ask a classmate a specific question (when, where, why, and so on). The person will answer. Then, ask another classmate about the person you questioned. The second classmate will answer using “he” or “she”.

 

Example:

Student A: When do you get up?

Student B: I get up at 7.

Student A: When does he get up?

Student C: He gets up at 7.

 

Questions with “Who” – Verb + Do

 

Questions with “who” have two forms.

If you are asking about the subject, the person performing the action, just use “who” as the subject, like you would in a sentence with “he / she / it”.

 

Example: Who works at Meijer? Who goes to class early? Who has children? Who lives in East Lansing? Who exercises every day?

 

If you are asking questions about the object (the noun that follows the verb), use “who” at the beginning of the sentence before “do” or “does”.

 

Example: Who do you want to win the election? Who do they see in the library? Who does he talk to after class? Who does she help with the children?

 

***Note: The form “Who do you?” or “Who does he / she?” is only used in informal speaking and writing. In formal academic or business writing, use the form “whom”.

 

Example: Whom do you want to win the election? Whom do they see in the library? Whom does he talk to after class? Whom does she help with the children?

 

 

Practice 30

Each student will ask the class a question using “Who?”

If you are asking a person about someone else, add “who” in front of the sentence, just like we practiced with “when, where, why”.

 

Example: Who do you want to be your partner?

Example: Who do you want to buy this book for?

 

Reminder Note: This is the form that is used most often in spoken English and in informal writing. For formal writing, writing for college or business, use “whom” instead of “who” in this question pattern.

 

Example: Formal writing – Whom do you want to be your partner?

Example: Formal writing – For whom do you want to buy this book?

 

We will be using the informal form in this unit.

 

Practice 31

Ask a classmate a question using “who”. The person will answer. Then, ask another classmate about the person you questioned. The second classmate will answer using “he” or “she”.

 

Example:

Student A: Who do you want to win the game?

Student B: I want MSU to win.

Student A: Who does he want to win the game?

Student C: He wants MSU to win.

Writing

Review the rules for capitalization and punctuation that you learned and practiced in Unit 1:

 

1. Use capital letters for names of people, places, and things and titles.
2. Use capital letters for the first word of a sentence.
3. Use a capital letter for the pronoun “I” anywhere in a sentence.
4. Use small letters for all words that are not names.
5. Use a period at the end of a sentence.
6. Use a period after abbreviations (Mr., Mrs., Ms., Dr.)
7. Use an apostrophe (‘) in contractions.

 

Practice 32

Write 10 sentences about your daily routine.

 

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2.

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6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

 

Paragraph Format

 

Review the reading on Maya Angelou’s daily routine. Pay attention to how the writing is formatted (looks on the page).

 

Maya Angelou Daily Routine

 

Maya has written her description of her daily routine in a paragraph. A paragraph is a series of sentences, usually between 5-10 sentences, about the same idea or topic. Maya’s topic is her daily routine. All of the sentences in the paragraphs are about her daily routine. A paragraph has a specific format. The first sentence is indented (begins a few spaces after the margin (side of the paper). All of the sentences follow each other immediately after the period.

 

Practice 33

Rewrite the 10 sentences from Practice 32 in paragraph format. Remember to indent the first sentence.

 

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

Practice 34.

Listen to the sentences. The speaker is using relaxed pronunciation. Write the sentences using correct spelling, capitalization, and punctuation.

 

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2.

3.

4.

5.

 

 

Attributions – Grammar and Writing Unit 2

Big Grammar Book

 

Box by tw2113 is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/16441/box

 

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geese – coloured by frankes is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/248185/geese-coloured

 

Man Hello by cyberscooty is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/247271/man-hello

 

Man Hello by cyberscooty is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/247271/man-hello

 

Man Hello by cyberscooty is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/247271/man-hello

 

Mouse With Cheese by SunKing2 is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/294804/mouse-with-cheese

 

Mouse With Cheese by SunKing2 is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/294804/mouse-with-cheese

 

Mouse With Cheese by SunKing2 is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/294804/mouse-with-cheese

 

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Woman waving hello by anarres is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/283171/woman-waving-hello

 

Woman waving hello by anarres is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/283171/woman-waving-hello

 

Child by yamid is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/58321/child

 

Child by yamid is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/58321/child

 

Child by yamid is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/58321/child

 

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Person Icon by thekua is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/177854/person-icon

 

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Unit 3

Grammar

Prepositions

 

In Unit 2, you worked with the prepositions “at”, “in”, and “on”.

 

There are many other prepositions in English. These prepositions all show a connection between a noun (person, place, thing) and the rest of the sentence. Look at the example of a sentence without prepositions.

 

Example: Julio eats the restaurant. (Does Julio eat the restaurant? No.)

Example with Preposition: Julio eats at the restaurant. (At connects restaurant to the sentence and tells you WHERE Julio eats.)

 

All prepositions give connections that add information to the sentence.

Some of the most common English prepositions are listed in Table 1. At, in, and on are not listed in this table because they were included in Unit 2.

 

Common Prepositions

Preposition	Meaning	Preposition	Meaning
Behind / In back of		Around
In front of		Across
Below / Beneath / Under/ Underneath		For	Purpose
Up		Between
Down		Across from	A  B
Over / Above		Outside	Out in the Open – Not Inside
Beside / Next to		Inside
To		Without	0
Toward		Before	4 3 2 1
With		After	1 2 3 4
Within		Out
Upon		About	Discuss subject / topic

 

Prepositional Phrases

 

Because a preposition connects a noun to the sentence, a preposition is NEVER alone. A preposition MUST have a noun after it to be a preposition. The preposition + the noun = Prepositional Phrase. We will always use the term prepositional phrase because prepositions only appear in prepositional phrases in sentences.

 

Practice 1

Underline the prepositional phrases in the sentences.

 

1. The book is under the table.
2. The cat is on the sofa.
3. The dog is outside the house.
4. The little girl with the book is a student.
5. The man on the bus is tired.
6. After class, I go to work.
7. In the morning, Paolo eats breakfast at home and then goes to school.
8. Go up the stairs, walk down the hall, and go in the library.
9. You can find books about many subjects in the library.
10. The book about dinosaurs is for my son’s birthday.

Practice 2

Watch the video to practice prepositional phrases.

 

Prepositional Phrases – Song Practice

 

Practice 3

Follow your teacher’s directions to practice using prepositional phrases.

 

Practice 4

Repeat Practice 1, but students give directions to classmates.

Practice 5

Who is it: One student describes a classmate by giving their location using a prepositional phrase. Whoever identifies the person then takes a turn describing someone else.

 

Example: This person is behind Paolo.

 

Practice 6

What is it: One student describes a classroom object by giving its location using a prepositional phrase. Whoever identifies the object then takes a turn describing something else.

 

Example: I see something black on the floor beside the door. What is it? It’s a garbage can.

 

Practice 7

The first paragraph from the reading in Part 1 Unit 3 is below. List all of the prepositional phrases in the spaces below the paragraph.

 

Note: Remember that a prepositional phrase is made of a preposition + a noun. The word “to” may be a preposition, as in “to the store” because “store” is a noun. If “to” is followed by a verb, the two words are NOT a prepositional phrase. This is important because in the future you will learn that the form of to + verb is used in different places in a sentence than to + noun.

 

FROM “THE WILD HORSES OF ASSATEAGUE ISLAND”

by National Park Service, US Department of the Interior

A NATIONAL TREASURE

The wild horses of Assateague Island are descendants of domesticated animals brought to the island over 300 years ago. Horses tough enough to survive the scorching heat, abundant insects, stormy weather and poor quality food found on this windswept barrier island have formed a unique wild horse society. Enjoy their beauty from a distance, and you can help make sure these extraordinary wild horses will continue to thrive on Assateague Island.

“My treasures do not click together or glitter. —They gleam in the sun and neigh in the night.” —Bedouin proverb

“The Wild Horses of Assateague Island” by the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior is in

the public domain.

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

 

Practice 8

Write a sentence to describe each picture. Use prepositional phrases in your descriptions.

 

 Practice 9

Write a paragraph with 6 sentences describing the classroom using prepositional phrases. See Unit 2 to r­­­­­­­­­­­­eview paragraph format.

­­

 

 

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

Adjectives

 

The vocabulary words you have learned include many adjectives. Adjectives describe nouns (people, places, things). Examples of adjectives are big, blue, happy, sad, good, bad. In English, adjectives come BEFORE nouns. Adjectives may also follow the verb “be” (am, is, are, was, were). Adjectives are NEVER plural even if the noun is plural. This is different from many other languages.

 

Note: A noun may act like an adjective if it comes before another noun and describes that noun. Example: In the sentence, “I go to school”, school is a noun because it names a place. In the sentence, “I am in the school cafeteria”, school is an adjective because it describes the cafeteria.

Practice 10

Underline the adjectives in the sentences. Remember the possessives you practiced in Unit 2: my, your, his, her, its, our, their.

 

1. The English book is under the big table.
2. The black cat is on the yellow sofa.
3. The noisy dog is outside the green house.
4. The little girl with the book is a second-grade student.
5. The old man on the bus is tired.
6. After English class, I go to work.
7. In the morning, Paolo eats his breakfast at home and then goes to school.
8. Go up the stairs, walk down the hall, and go in the library.
9. You can find many books about many different subjects in the school library.
10. The interesting book about dinosaurs is for my son’s birthday.

 

Practice 11

Following Directions: Your teacher will give one person a direction to follow.

 

Example: Give the book to the person with brown hair who is in a blue shirt. Follow the directions until everyone has had a turn.

 

Practice 12

Describe a place in your school using adjectives and prepositional phrases. The student who correctly identifies the place then describes another place.

 

Example: This place is a large room that has many books about different subjects. What is the place?

It’s the library.

 

Practice 13

Write sentences to describe each picture. Use at least 3 adjectives in each sentence.

___________________________________________________

 

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­___________________________________________________

 

­­­­­­­­­__________________________________________

 

____________________________________________

 

_________________________________________

 

Practice 14

How many? Using adjectives, ask your partner questions about classroom objects.

Example: How many large things are in this room? How many people have brown in their clothing?

 

Practice 15

A section from the Part 1 Unit 3 reading is below. List the adjectives in the spaces below the reading. Remember the possessive adjectives (my, your, his, her, its, our, their), and remember that a noun may act like an adjective when it comes before another noun. Also remember that an adjective may follow the verb “be” (am, is, are, was, were).

 

FROM “THE WILD HORSES OF ASSATEAGUE ISLAND”

by National Park Service, US Department of the Interior

WHERE DID THEY COME FROM?

Were the horses shipwreck survivors…

Local folklore describes the Assateague horses as survivors of a shipwreck off the Virginia coast. While this dramatic tale of struggle and survival is popular, there are no records yet that confirm it.

…or settlers’ horses?

During the 17th century free-roaming horses, cows, sheep and pigs caused expensive crop damage to local farms. Farmers were required to pay taxes on all mainland livestock and fence them in.

Like people in the 21st century, these resourceful coastal residents looked for ways to avoid paying this tax. They turned to nearby Assateague Island with its abundance of food, shelter and a natural “corral” made of water to solve their problem.

It is likely that modern Assateague horses are descendants of those hardy animals turned loose on the island to graze tax-free.

“The Wild Horses of Assateague Island” by the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior is in

the public domain.

Adjectives from Reading

1.	6.	11.	16.	21.
2.	7.	12.	17.	22.
3.	8.	13.	18.	23.
4.	9.	14.	19.	24.
5.	10.	15.	20.	25.

Practice 16

Write a paragraph with at least 6 sentences describing the someone you know. See Unit 2 to review paragraph format.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

Possessive Nouns

Often, we want to show that something belongs to a specific person by using the person’s name. Read the sentences below.

Example: These are John’s books.

The sentence tells you that the books belong to John.

To show ownership, or possession, add an apostrophe (‘) followed by s after the person’s name. Use ‘s even when the noun ends in “s”.

Practice 17

Make the nouns possessive by adding ‘s to the name.

 

1. John____ book.
2. Paolo____ car.
3. Maria____ apartment.
4. Julio_____ job.
5. Ali_____ class.
6. Marta______ children.
7. Susana_____ dog.
8. Hannah_____ house.
9. Gus_____ pens.
10. Yang_____ notebook.

 

When plural nouns end in “s”, only add the apostrophe (‘).

Example: The boys’ books are on the table.

The sentence tells you that the books belong to more than one boy.

Practice 18

Make the plural nouns possessive by adding ‘ to the nouns.

 

1. The teachers____ books.
2. The students____ cars.
3. The roommates____ apartment.
4. The workers_____ job.
5. The schools_____ classes.
6. The parents______ children.
7. The brothers_____ dog.
8. The neighbors_____ houses.
9. The employees_____ pens.
10. The doctors_____ notebooks.

 

When a plural noun does not end in “s”, use ‘s to make the noun possessive.

 

Practice 19

Make the plural nouns possessive by adding ‘s to the nouns.

 

1. The children____ books.
2. The men____ cars.
3. The women____ apartment.
4. The fish_____ water.
5. The geese_____ corn.
6. The mice______ cheese.
7. The deer_____ field.
8. The neighbors_____ houses.

 

Practice 20

Understanding possessives in spoken English: Listen to the phrases and mark an X in the column for plural or possessive, whichever matches the phrase you hear.

 

Listening for Plurals and Possessives

Word	Plural	Possessive
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Practice 21

Understanding possessives in spoken English: Listen to the description of a family. Write the names on the correct line.

 

Grandmother (Mother’s mother) __________ Grandmother (Father’s mother) _________

Grandfather (Mother’s father) _________Grandfather (Father’s father) __________

Mother _______

Father ________

Sister ________

Sister ______

Brother ________

Brother _______

 

Practice 22

Writing with Possessive Nouns: Write a paragraph giving the names of people in your family. Use possessives as needed.

 

Example: My husband’s name is Alberto. His mother’s name is Dolores.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

Have, Do, and Take – Specific Expressions (Idioms)

 

There are several English idioms that use the verbs “have”, “do” and “take”. You cannot translate these expressions directly into another language. The list below includes some of the most common expressions with these verbs.

 

Have	Meaning	Do	Meaning	Take	Meaning
Have Food or Drink	Eat or Drink	Do Work	Complete Work	Take Time	Do Not Hurry
Have Fun	Enjoy	Do Homework, Housework, Yardwork	Complete Assignments, House Cleaning, Gardening	Take a Nap	Sleep for a Short Time
Have a Good Time	Enjoy	Do a Job	Complete Some Type of Work	Take a Break	Stop Work for a Short Time
Have a Party	Invite Guests For a Celebration	Do Laundry	Wash Clothes	Take a Vacation	Time Off Work or School, Often for Travel
		Do Dishes	Wash Dishes
		Do Errands	Go Several Places and Complete Specific Tasks at Each Place
		Do Makeup	Use Makeup
		Do Nails	Use Nail Polish

 

Practice 23

Using Idioms: Read the description of each activity and complete the sentence with the correct idiom.

 

1. Paolo invites friend to help him celebrate his birthday.

Paolo ____________________________.

 

1. Susana uses nail polish.

Susana ___________________________.

 

2. Ali and his family go to Chicago when Ali doesn’t work for a few days.

Ali and his family _____________________________.

 

3. Julio washes the dishes.

Julio _____________ the dishes.

 

4. Susana goes to the grocery store, the bank, and the laundromat.

Susana _______________________________.

 

5. Marta and Alberto wash clothes.

Marta and Alberto _____________________________.

 

6. Ana uses makeup.

Ana _____________________________.

 

7. Paolo cleans his house.

Paolo ________________________________.

 

8. Ali completes his class assignments.

Ali ________________________________.

 

9. Julio tells Paolo not to hurry.

Julio tells Paolo to ____________________________.

 

10. Maria eats breakfast. Maria __________________ breakfast.

 

11. Arturo sleeps for thirty minutes in the afternoon. Arturo ______________________.

 

12. Elena cuts the grass and works in her garden. Elena ____________________________________.

 

13. Paolo and Maria enjoy a movie. Paolo and Maria ______________________________. Paolo and Maria

 

14. Julio stops work for 15 minutes. Julio _____________________________________.

 

15. Marta completes what her boss tells her to do. Marta ________________________________. Marta ___________________________________.

 

Writing

 

Graphic organizers are diagrams that help explain an idea. Look at the example of the family tree in Reading and Speaking Unit 3. This diagram is a graphic organizer.

Graphic organizers are often useful when you study. They can help you remember ideas or steps that have many parts.

 

Practice 24

Creating a Graphic Organizer: On another paper, create a graphic organizer for your family tree. Label each space with the name of the relationship each person has to you: mother, father, sister, brother, aunt, and so on.

 

Practice 25

Listen to the dictation and write what you hear. You will hear relaxed pronunciation. Write correct, formal English. Remember to use apostrophe’s (‘) where they are needed.

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

 

Commas in Series

 

English has many rules for using commas (,). One rule is to use a comma when you write a list of 3 or more items together. You do not use a comma when you join only 2 items.

1. Julio and Paolo have lunch. (No comma – 2 nouns)
2. Marta works and goes to school. (No comma – 2 verbs)
3. Yang has a hamburger and fries for dinner. (No comma – 2 nouns)
4. Julio, Marta, and Maria have lunch. (Comma – 3 nouns)
5. Marta works, goes to school, and takes care of her family. (Comma – 3 verbs)
6. Susana’s favorite desserts are ice cream, cookies, and pie. (Comma – 3 nouns)

Practice 26

Using Commas: Add commas if they are needed. Write correct after the sentence if no comma is needed.

 

1. The class has a lot of work every week.
2. Remember to do the homework review vocabulary and study for the test.
3. Julio’s sisters are Ana and Cristina.
4. Yang has 2 sisters 1 brother and 4 cousins.
5. I need to go to the bank and the grocery store.
6. I need to buy meat eggs milk and noodles.
7. Do you want coffee or water?
8. He doesn’t like to swim play tennis or go running.
9. He likes to play baseball and basketball.

 

Practice 27

Journal: Think of one person you want to describe. Write a paragraph that has between 6 and 10 sentences describing that person. Remember to use capital letters for the first word of a sentence and for names. Remember to use periods (.) at the end of sentences and after abbreviations like Mr. Remember to use apostrophes (‘) in contractions and to show possession (Julio’s dog). Remember to use commas (,) if you have a list of 3 or more items in the sentence. Check your paragraph for verb forms and for punctuation (periods, commas, apostrophes) when you are finished.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

 

Attributions – Grammar and Writing Unit 3

prepositions of place by evilstmark is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/271243/prepositions-of-place

 

prepositions of place by evilstmark is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/271243/prepositions-of-place

 

abstracted group interaction (2) by cibo00  is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/14056/abstracted-group-interaction-2

 

prepositions of place by evilstmark is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/271243/prepositions-of-place

 

prepositions of place by evilstmark is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/271243/prepositions-of-place

 

prepositions of place by evilstmark is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/271243/prepositions-of-place

 

prepositions of place by evilstmark is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/271243/prepositions-of-place

 

prepositions of place by evilstmark is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/271243/prepositions-of-place

 

prepositions of place by evilstmark is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/271243/prepositions-of-place

 

prepositions of place by evilstmark is licensed under a Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Public   Domain License https://openclipart.org/detail/271243/prepositions-of-place

 

In front of the Lincoln Memorial courtesy of Destination DC.org.jpg is in the public domain. https://www.dropbox.com/sh/bfzfffn4wts1stt/AAD5NTzcORnaxyWL8pZHstpha?dl=0&preview=In+front+of+the+Lincoln+Memorial+-+Photo+Credit+-+courtesy+of+washington.org.JPG

 

Paddle Boats on Tidal Basin Jefferson Memorial courtesy of Destination DC.org.jpg is in the public domain. https://www.dropbox.com/sh/bfzfffn4wts1stt/AAD5NTzcORnaxyWL8pZHstpha?dl=0&preview=Paddle+Boats+on+Tidal+Basin+Jefferson+Memorial+-+Photo+Credit+-+courtesty+of+washington.org.jpg

 

Bikes Around Dupont Circle courtesy of Destination DC.org.jpg is in the public domain. https://www.dropbox.com/sh/bfzfffn4wts1stt/AAD5NTzcORnaxyWL8pZHstpha?dl=0&preview=Bike+Around+Dupont+Circle+-+Photo+Credit+-+courtesty+of+washington.org.jpg

 

White House courtesy of Destination DC.org.jpg is in the public domain. https://www.dropbox.com/sh/bfzfffn4wts1stt/AAD5NTzcORnaxyWL8pZHstpha?dl=0&preview=The+White+House+-+Photo+Credit+-+courtesty++of+washington.org.JPG

 

At the World War II Memorial courtesy of Destination DC.org.jpg is in the public domain. https://www.dropbox.com/sh/bfzfffn4wts1stt/AAD5NTzcORnaxyWL8pZHstpha?dl=0&preview=At+the+World+War+II+Memorial+-+Photo+Credit+-+courtesty+of+washington.org.JPG

Unit 4

 

Count / Non-count Nouns

Count nouns are nouns that can be counted: 1 dog, 2 dogs. Count nouns can be made plural because the plural ending shows more than 1.

Count nouns must ALWAYS have the number 1 or “a” / “an” before the singular noun (see Unit 3). Plural nouns must EITHER have a number or simply state the plural if the noun shows more than 1 (see Unit 3).

Some nouns cannot be counted. These nouns show a group that cannot be divided. Examples of non-count nouns are Milk, Rice, Soap. These nouns NEVER use a number or a/an. These nouns ALWAYS use verb form that is used with “it”.

The table shows categories of non-count nouns with examples. Any noun that falls into this category will be a non-count noun.

Non-Count Nouns – Items in Categories

Category / Group	Example
Liquids	Milk, Water, Coffee, Soda, Oil, Gasoline
Dairy Products	Butter, Cheese, Sour Cream, Ice Cream
Materials	Paper, Cloth, Aluminum, Metal, Gold, Soap
Grains	Rice, Flour, Wheat, Barley
Ideas	Happiness, Love, Anger, Joy, Electricity
Activities	Homework, Housework, Tennis, Ing words (swimming, playing, running)
Kinds of Weather	Rain, Lightning, Thunder, Snow, Wind
Meat	Beef, Chicken, Turkey, Fish, Pork, Lamb
Food that Must be Cut or Separated	Lettuce, Cabbage, Bread

 

Note: The name of the category (group) is a COUNT noun. The names of the ITEMS in the groups/categories are non-count nouns.

Some non-count nouns are NAMES of GROUPS. In this case, the items in the group are COUNT. The group names that are non-count are listed in the table with examples of some of the count nouns for each group.

 

Non-Count Nouns – Names of Categories

Category	Example
Furniture	Tables, Sofas, Chairs
Jewelry	Earrings, Necklaces, Bracelets
Clothing	Dresses, Shirts, Skirts
Baggage / Luggage	Suitcases, Backpacks
Mail	Letters, Bills, Postcards
Money	Dollars, Cents, Quarters, Dimes
Time	Minutes, Hours
Vocabulary	Words, Idioms

A few clothing items are non-count. These are usually items that come in 1 piece but have 2 legs: pants, shorts, pajamas.

Some words may be count or non-count depending on the sentence.

Example: The chickens are in the barnyard. (Chickens is count because the meaning is the animal. Animals can be counted.)

Example: The chicken tastes delicious. (Chicken is non-count because the meaning is the meat. Meat cannot be counted.)

Practice 1

Write the word you hear in the correct column: Count or Non-count.

Count/Non-count Noun Practice

Count	Non-count

Expressions of Quantity

Some quantity expressions can only be used with count nouns, some with non-count nouns, and some may be used with both forms. These expressions are listed in the table below.

Expressions of Quantity

Count	Non-Count	Both
Many	Much	Some
How Many	How Much	Any
Not Many	Not Much	A lot of
A few	A little	Lots of
Several

 

Note: “A little” may express a quantity or a description.

Example: I have a little milk. = Quantity

Example: I saw a little dog. = Description

Practice 2

Write a sentence for each of the nouns you listed in the table in Practice 1. Use a quantity in each sentence.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19

20.

 

Practice 3

Describe a room to your partner. Tell how many of each type of furniture is in the room, what color each piece is, and where each piece is located in relation to the other. Your partner will draw a diagram of the room you describe. Then you draw a diagram of a room your partner describes. Exchange diagrams and check to see how well the drawing matches your description.

Example:

There is a lot of furniture in my bedroom. The bed is in the middle of the room. There are 4 white pillows on the bed. There is a blue pillow in the middle of the bed in front of the white pillows. There are some lights in the room. There are a few pictures on the walls. The blankets are wool and the sheets are cotton. One wall is green, and three walls are white. There are some tables in the room.

 

Practice 4

At home, look in your refrigerator and in your cabinets. List all the food you see. Use a number or quantity for each item. Think about whether the item is count or non-count.

 

Practice 5

Work with a partner. Your teacher will direct you to go somewhere in the school building or campus. Create a chart of count and non-count nouns for that place. List all of the count nouns in one column and all of the non-count nouns in another column. Use quantities to describe each noun.

 

 

Word Order

Remember that word order in English sentences is very important. The most common word order pattern is S V O/C.

Adjectives come before nouns.

Adverbs tell you when, where, why, how.

In the pattern There is / There are, the verb comes before the subject. “There” is an adverb.

 

 

Practice 6

Look at the examples below. Write S over every subject, V over every verb, ADJ over every adjective, and ADV over every adverb (when, where, why, how). Remember that numbers and quantities are adjectives. Remember that prepositions and the nouns that follow them are adjectives if they are describing nouns and adverbs if they are telling when, why, how.

There is a lot of furniture in my bedroom. The bed is in the middle of the room. There are 4 white pillows on the bed. There is a blue pillow in the middle of the bed in front of the white pillows. There are some lights in the room. There are a few pictures on the walls. The blankets are wool and the sheets are cotton. One wall is green, and three walls are white. There are some tables in the room.

Like / Love

In English, people often use the expression “love” to mean “like very much.”

Example: I like reading. (I am not telling how much I like reading). I love reading = I like reading very much.

It’s possible to say “I like to do something” OR “I like _____________ing” when you describe activities.

Example: I like to read. OR I like reading.

 

 

Practice 7.

Make a list of 5 activities you enjoy. Then, ask a partner if he or she enjoys those activities. Use short answers to reply.

Example: Do you like reading? Yes, I do. OR Do you like to read? Yes, I do.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

 

Practice 8

Memory Game: The first person will state how they feel about an activity. The next person will repeat that statement and add a statement. The third person will repeat each statement and add another statement. Continue with all class members adding statements and repeating all of the previous statements.

Example:

A.I like to read.

B.Ali  likes to read, and I like swimming.

C.Ali likes to read, Hannah likes swimming, and I love cooking.

 

 

 

Practice 9

Reread the passage below from Unit 4 Reading and Speaking. Write C above count nouns and NC above non-count nouns

 

What Is the Healthiest Diet?

By Michael Greger, M.D. FACLM

 

Bob and Sally are confused. They want to eat healthy, but there’s so much confusing information out there.

Which diet is really the best one? Yes, there’s calcium in cheese, protein in pork, and iron in beef. But, what about all the baggage that comes along with these nutrients—the dose of dairy hormones, the lard, the saturated fat?

As much as Burger King proclaims you can “Have It Your Way,” you can’t go up to the counter and ask for a burger, hold the saturated fat and cholesterol. Food is a package deal. Dairy is the #1 source of calcium in the United States—but it’s also the #1 source of saturated fat.

But what kind of baggage do you get along with the calcium in dark green leafy vegetables? Fiber, folate, iron, antioxidants—some of the very nutrients lacking in milk.

Plant foods average 64 times more antioxidants than animal foods. By getting most of your nutrition from whole plant foods, you get more of a bonus, instead of baggage.

When the National Pork Board promotes ham as an “excellent source of protein,” I can’t help but think of the famous quote from a McDonald’s senior vice president for marketing who, under oath in a court of law, described Coca-Cola as nutritious because it is “providing water.”

Research shows that a plant-based diet can help you lose weight, can be used to prevent and treat diabetes and heart disease, lower blood pressure, and can help you live longer. It looks like Grandma was right when she said, “Eat your veggies.”

What Is the Healthiest Diet? by Dr.Michael Greger, M.D. FACLM Source: Nutrition Facts.org is in the public domain.

 

 

Want to / Want a

Always use “to” after want when you describe activities. Always use “a” after want when you describe singular things.

Example: I want to go to a movie.

Example: I want a cup of coffee.

 

Practice 10.

Repeat the memory game using want.

Example:

A.I want to go swimming.

B.Ali  wants to go swimming, and I want a new car.

C.Ali wants to go swimming, Hannah wants a new car, and I want to play baseball.

 

Wanna and A

In relaxed speech, “want to” and “want a “ both sound like “wanna”.

In relaxed speech, “of” sounds like “a”.

Example: I want to go swimming = I wanna go swimming.

Example: I want a cup of coffee = I wanna cupa coffee.

 

 

Practice 11.

Listen to the sentences and write the number of the sentence in the correct column: Want To or Want A.

 

Want To – Want A

Want To	Want A

 

 

 

Practice 12.

You will hear a dictation. The speaker will use relaxed pronunciation. Write the sentences you hear, using correct grammar, spelling, capitalization, and punctuation.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

 

Writing Skills

Remember all of the rules you have learned so far related to capitalization (first word of sentence, names, pronoun I), grammar (verbs, word order, count/non-count nouns, singular and plural spellings, using a/an) and punctuation (periods after abbreviations and at the end of a sentence, apostrophes in contractions).

 

 

Practice 13

Write a journal entry of five sentences describing your dream room. Focus on applying all of the rules you have learned. Check your paragraph for errors when you finish before you give your writing to your teacher.

 

 

Attributions – Unit 4

Kitchen by Vicious-Speed is licensed under a Creative Commons CC0 license.  https://pixabay.com/en/kitchen-room-kitchen-interior-1085990/

www.nutritionfacts.org What Is the Healthiest Diet? by Michael Greger, M.D. FACLM is in the public domain.