Grammar-Writing, Level 1, Unit 1

Level 1 Grammar and Writing Unit 1

garaytacLeave a Comment on Level 1 Grammar and Writing Unit 1

ESOL Level 1 Grammar and Writing

Unit 1

 

To Be

The verb “to be” does NOT show action. This verb connects the noun or pronoun at the beginning of the sentence to the words that come after the verb. (attribute grammar book 1 p.9-10)

 

I am We are
You are You are 
He is   They are
She is  They are 
It is   They are  

Table 1. Verb “To Be” – Base Form

The noun or pronoun at the beginning of a sentence is called the SUBJECT. The noun, pronoun, or adjective that follows the verb “to be” is called the COMPLEMENT. When the verb in a sentence is a form of “to be”, the SUBJECT and the COMPLEMENT refer to the SAME person, place, or thing.

I am a teacher.          I = teacher

You are a student.    You = student

Detroit is big.            Detroit = big.

 

Nouns

Nouns name people (man, teacher), places (school, city), or things (book, paper).

 

Pronouns

Pronouns substitute for nouns.

 

I We 
You  You  
He    They  
She   They  
It    They   

Table 2. Subject Pronouns

Practice 1

Replace the nouns that are subjects in the sentences below with pronouns.

  1. The book ______ on the table.

 

  1. Marta _____ a student.

 

  1. The papers _______ on the desk.

 

  1. Dominguez and Ms. Yang _______ teachers.

 

  1. Dominguez __________ a teacher.

 

  1. The pen ______ blue.

 

  1. Susan and I _______ friends.

 

  1. Paolo _______ from Brazil.

 

  1. I ________ in class.

 

Practice 2

Use the correct base form of “to be” in the sentences below.

  1. The book ______ on the table.

 

  1. Marta ______ a student.

 

  1. The papers ______ on the desk.

 

  1. Dominguez and Ms. Yang ______ teachers.

 

  1. The pen ______ blue.

 

  1. Susan and I ______ friends.

 

  1. Paolo ______ from Brazil.

 

  1. I ______ in class.

 

Contractions

Contractions (embed pronunciation including reductions) are short forms of a subject pronoun and “to be”. In a contraction, an apostrophe (‘) substitutes for one of the letters in the verb. Listen to the pronunciation of the contractions.

 

I am = I’m We are = We’re
You are = You’re You are = You’re 
He is = He’s   They are = They’re
She is = She’s  They are = They’re 
It is = It’s  They are = They’re  

Table 3. Contractions with “To Be”

 

Practice 3. (embed listening practice for contractions match full word)

You will hear a sentence using a contraction. Write the letter of the sentence beside the full form of the pronoun and verb that matches the contraction you hear.

  1. I am _______________

 

  1. He is _______________

 

 

  1. She is _______________

 

  1. It is _______________

 

 

  1. You are _______________

 

  1. We are _______________

 

 

  1. They are _______________

 

Practice 4 (embed picture match for to be sentences using contractions)

Write the letter of the sentence you hear beside the picture.

  (The book’s on the table.)
  (Ms. Yang’s a teacher.)
  (They’re in English class.)
  (He’s at home.)
  (They’re on the table.)
  (It’s on the table.)
  (I’m Dr. Mohammed.)

Table 4. Practice for Contractions.

Practice 5

Rewrite the sentences using contractions.

  1. It is a book.

___________________________________________________.

  1. He is a student.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. She is from Argentina.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. We are at school.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. They are in English class.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. The pen is on the table.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. Sam is at home.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. The students are in the classroom.

 

Word Order

Word order in English is very important. Words must be used in a specific order. Changing the word order in English changes the purpose of the word, which changes the meaning of the sentence.

In English, the Subject (the person or thing you are talking about) usually comes before the verb (the action or “to be”.)

Practice 6

In the sentences below, write S over the Subject and V over the Verb.

  1. It is a book.

 

  1. He is a student.

 

 

  1. She is from Argentina.

 

  1. We are at school.

 

  1. They are in English class.

 

  1. The pen is on the table.

 

  1. Sam is at home.

 

  1. The students are in the classroom.

 

Word Order for Questions with “To Be”

When you ask a question, and the verb is “to be”, the verb comes before the subject.

Am I? Are we?
Are you? Are you? 
Is he?   Are they?
Is she?  Are they? 
Is it?  Are they?  

Table 5. Word Order for Questions with “To Be”

 

 

 

Practice 7

Change the sentences below from statements to questions.

  1. It is a book.

_________a book?

 

  1. He is a student.

_________a student?

 

  1. She is from Argentina.

 

________from Argentina?

 

  1. We are at school.

 

________at school?

 

  1. They are in English class.

_________ in English class?

 

  1. The pen is on the table.

_________ on the table?

 

  1. Sam is at home.

____________ at home?

 

  1. The students are in the classroom.

_____________ in the classroom?

Practice 8.

Write 5 questions to ask your classmates. Then, ask your classmates the questions, and write their answers below your questions.

  1. Question __________________________________________?

Answer____________________________________________.

 

  1. Question___________________________________________?

Answer_____________________________________________.

 

  1. Question___________________________________________?

Answer_____________________________________________.

 

  1. Question___________________________________________?

Answer_____________________________________________.

 

  1. Question___________________________________________?

Answer_____________________________________________.

 

Word Order for Negatives with “To Be”

When you make a negative statement, “not” comes after the verb. The pattern is Subject Verb Not.

I am not. We are not.
You are not. You are not. 
He is not.  They are not.
They are not.  They are not. 
It is not.  They are not.  

Table 6. Word Order for Negatives with “To Be”

Practice 9

Change the sentences below to negative statements.

  1. It is a book.

_________a book.

 

  1. He is a student.

_________a student.

 

  1. She is from Argentina.

 

________from Argentina.

 

  1. We are at school.

 

________at school.

 

  1. They are in English class.

_________ in English class.

 

  1. The pen is on the table.

_________ on the table.

 

  1. Sam is at home.

____________ at home.

 

  1. The students are in the classroom.

_____________ in the classroom.

 

Negative Contractions

To use a negative form of a contraction, add “not” after the contraction: I’m not. You’re not. He’s not.

It is also possible to form a contraction for “is not” – “isn’t” and “are not” – “aren’t”.

Listen to the pronunciation of the negative contractions.

 

I am = I’m not                      We are = We’re not

    We aren’t
                 You are = You’re not

 You aren’t

                   You are = You’re not

  You aren’t
                     He is = He’s not

    He isn’t

                   They are = They’re not

  They aren’t
                      She is = She’s not

    She isn’t

                   They are = They’re not

  They aren’t
                             It is = It’s not

                     It isn’t

                 They are = They’re not

     They aren’t

Table 7. Negative Contractions with “To Be”

 

Practice 10. (embed listening practice for contractions match full word)

You will hear a sentence using a negative contraction. Write the letter of the sentence beside the full form of the pronoun and verb that matches the negative contraction you hear.

  1. I am not _______________

 

  1. He is not _______________

 

 

  1. She is not _______________

 

  1. It is not _______________

 

 

  1. You are not_______________

 

  1. We are not_______________

 

 

  1. They are not_______________

 

Practice 11 (embed picture match for to be sentences using contractions)

Write the letter of the sentence you hear beside the picture.

  (The book isn’t on the table.)
  (Ms. Yang isn’t a teacher.)
  (They aren’t in English class.)
  (He isn’t at home.)
  (They aren’t on the table.)
  (It’s not on the table.)
  (I’m not Dr. Mohammed.)

Table 8. Practice for Negative Contractions.

Short Answers

Sometimes, only a short answer to a question is required. Example: “Are you from Michigan? Yes, I am from Michigan” (complete sentence). OR “Are you from Michigan?” “Yes, I am” (short answer) or negative “No, I’m not” (negative short answer).

Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
Yes, he is. No, he’s not.

No, he isn’t.
Yes, she is. No, she’s not.

No, she isn’t.
Yes, it is. No, it’s not.

No, it isn’t.
Yes, we are. No, we’re not.

No, we aren’t.
Yes, you are. No, you’re not.

No, you aren’t.
Yes, they are. No, they’re not.

No, they aren’t.

Table 9. Short Answers with “To Be”

Practice 12.

Review the questions you wrote in Practice 8. Ask the questions again, but answer using short answers. Write the short answers below.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

 

Writing

Use capital letters for names of people, places, and things and titles.

Use capital letters for the first word of a sentence.

 

Use a capital letter for the pronoun “I” anywhere in a sentence.

Use small letters for all words that are not names.

Use a period at the end of a sentence.

Use a period after abbreviations (Mr.   Mrs.    Ms.    Dr.)

Use an apostrophe (‘) in contractions.

 

 

Practice 13

Write the nouns you hear using a capital letter for names and a small letter for words that are not names (embed audio.)

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Practice 14

Complete the sentence. Then, copy the complete sentence. Make sure to use capital letters for the first word and for names and to use a period (.) at the end of the sentence.

My name is ___________________________.

____________________________________________

 

I am from _____________________________.

_______________________________________________

I’m from __________________________________.

_____________________________________________

I speak ______________________________.

___________________________________________

I live in ________________________________.

____________________________________________

My address is _________________________________.

_________________________________________

 

My classmate is __________________________________.

__________________________________________

He/She is from ___________________________.

___________________________________________

 

He’s/She’s from ________________________________.

 

Practice 15

Complete the application form giving your personal information. Use capital letters and periods where needed.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 1. Application

 

Practice 16

Write 5 sentences about yourself. Use capital letters and correct punctuation.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

ESOL Level 1 Grammar and Writing

Unit 1

 

To Be

The verb “to be” does NOT show action. This verb connects the noun or pronoun at the beginning of the sentence to the words that come after the verb. (attribute grammar book 1 p.9-10)

 

I am We are
You are You are 
He is   They are
She is  They are 
It is   They are  

Table 1. Verb “To Be” – Base Form

The noun or pronoun at the beginning of a sentence is called the SUBJECT. The noun, pronoun, or adjective that follows the verb “to be” is called the COMPLEMENT. When the verb in a sentence is a form of “to be”, the SUBJECT and the COMPLEMENT refer to the SAME person, place, or thing.

I am a teacher.          I = teacher

You are a student.    You = student

Detroit is big.            Detroit = big.

 

Nouns

Nouns name people (man, teacher), places (school, city), or things (book, paper).

 

Pronouns

Pronouns substitute for nouns.

 

I We 
You  You  
He    They  
She   They  
It    They   

Table 2. Subject Pronouns

Practice 1

Replace the nouns that are subjects in the sentences below with pronouns.

  1. The book ______ on the table.

 

  1. Marta _____ a student.

 

  1. The papers _______ on the desk.

 

  1. Dominguez and Ms. Yang _______ teachers.

 

  1. Dominguez __________ a teacher.

 

  1. The pen ______ blue.

 

  1. Susan and I _______ friends.

 

  1. Paolo _______ from Brazil.

 

  1. I ________ in class.

 

Practice 2

Use the correct base form of “to be” in the sentences below.

  1. The book ______ on the table.

 

  1. Marta ______ a student.

 

  1. The papers ______ on the desk.

 

  1. Dominguez and Ms. Yang ______ teachers.

 

  1. The pen ______ blue.

 

  1. Susan and I ______ friends.

 

  1. Paolo ______ from Brazil.

 

  1. I ______ in class.

 

Contractions

Contractions (embed pronunciation including reductions) are short forms of a subject pronoun and “to be”. In a contraction, an apostrophe (‘) substitutes for one of the letters in the verb. Listen to the pronunciation of the contractions.

 

I am = I’m We are = We’re
You are = You’re You are = You’re 
He is = He’s   They are = They’re
She is = She’s  They are = They’re 
It is = It’s  They are = They’re  

Table 3. Contractions with “To Be”

 

Practice 3. (embed listening practice for contractions match full word)

You will hear a sentence using a contraction. Write the letter of the sentence beside the full form of the pronoun and verb that matches the contraction you hear.

  1. I am _______________

 

  1. He is _______________

 

 

  1. She is _______________

 

  1. It is _______________

 

 

  1. You are _______________

 

  1. We are _______________

 

 

  1. They are _______________

 

Practice 4 (embed picture match for to be sentences using contractions)

Write the letter of the sentence you hear beside the picture.

  (The book’s on the table.)
  (Ms. Yang’s a teacher.)
  (They’re in English class.)
  (He’s at home.)
  (They’re on the table.)
  (It’s on the table.)
  (I’m Dr. Mohammed.)

Table 4. Practice for Contractions.

Practice 5

Rewrite the sentences using contractions.

  1. It is a book.

___________________________________________________.

  1. He is a student.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. She is from Argentina.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. We are at school.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. They are in English class.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. The pen is on the table.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. Sam is at home.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. The students are in the classroom.

 

Word Order

Word order in English is very important. Words must be used in a specific order. Changing the word order in English changes the purpose of the word, which changes the meaning of the sentence.

In English, the Subject (the person or thing you are talking about) usually comes before the verb (the action or “to be”.)

Practice 6

In the sentences below, write S over the Subject and V over the Verb.

  1. It is a book.

 

  1. He is a student.

 

 

  1. She is from Argentina.

 

  1. We are at school.

 

  1. They are in English class.

 

  1. The pen is on the table.

 

  1. Sam is at home.

 

  1. The students are in the classroom.

 

Word Order for Questions with “To Be”

When you ask a question, and the verb is “to be”, the verb comes before the subject.

Am I? Are we?
Are you? Are you? 
Is he?   Are they?
Is she?  Are they? 
Is it?  Are they?  

Table 5. Word Order for Questions with “To Be”

 

 

 

Practice 7

Change the sentences below from statements to questions.

  1. It is a book.

_________a book?

 

  1. He is a student.

_________a student?

 

  1. She is from Argentina.

 

________from Argentina?

 

  1. We are at school.

 

________at school?

 

  1. They are in English class.

_________ in English class?

 

  1. The pen is on the table.

_________ on the table?

 

  1. Sam is at home.

____________ at home?

 

  1. The students are in the classroom.

_____________ in the classroom?

Practice 8.

Write 5 questions to ask your classmates. Then, ask your classmates the questions, and write their answers below your questions.

  1. Question __________________________________________?

Answer____________________________________________.

 

  1. Question___________________________________________?

Answer_____________________________________________.

 

  1. Question___________________________________________?

Answer_____________________________________________.

 

  1. Question___________________________________________?

Answer_____________________________________________.

 

  1. Question___________________________________________?

Answer_____________________________________________.

 

Word Order for Negatives with “To Be”

When you make a negative statement, “not” comes after the verb. The pattern is Subject Verb Not.

I am not. We are not.
You are not. You are not. 
He is not.  They are not.
They are not.  They are not. 
It is not.  They are not.  

Table 6. Word Order for Negatives with “To Be”

Practice 9

Change the sentences below to negative statements.

  1. It is a book.

_________a book.

 

  1. He is a student.

_________a student.

 

  1. She is from Argentina.

 

________from Argentina.

 

  1. We are at school.

 

________at school.

 

  1. They are in English class.

_________ in English class.

 

  1. The pen is on the table.

_________ on the table.

 

  1. Sam is at home.

____________ at home.

 

  1. The students are in the classroom.

_____________ in the classroom.

 

Negative Contractions

To use a negative form of a contraction, add “not” after the contraction: I’m not. You’re not. He’s not.

It is also possible to form a contraction for “is not” – “isn’t” and “are not” – “aren’t”.

Listen to the pronunciation of the negative contractions.

 

I am = I’m not                      We are = We’re not

    We aren’t
                 You are = You’re not

 You aren’t

                   You are = You’re not

  You aren’t
                     He is = He’s not

    He isn’t

                   They are = They’re not

  They aren’t
                      She is = She’s not

    She isn’t

                   They are = They’re not

  They aren’t
                             It is = It’s not

                     It isn’t

                 They are = They’re not

     They aren’t

Table 7. Negative Contractions with “To Be”

 

Practice 10. (embed listening practice for contractions match full word)

You will hear a sentence using a negative contraction. Write the letter of the sentence beside the full form of the pronoun and verb that matches the negative contraction you hear.

  1. I am not _______________

 

  1. He is not _______________

 

 

  1. She is not _______________

 

  1. It is not _______________

 

 

  1. You are not_______________

 

  1. We are not_______________

 

 

  1. They are not_______________

 

Practice 11 (embed picture match for to be sentences using contractions)

Write the letter of the sentence you hear beside the picture.

  (The book isn’t on the table.)
  (Ms. Yang isn’t a teacher.)
  (They aren’t in English class.)
  (He isn’t at home.)
  (They aren’t on the table.)
  (It’s not on the table.)
  (I’m not Dr. Mohammed.)

Table 8. Practice for Negative Contractions.

Short Answers

Sometimes, only a short answer to a question is required. Example: “Are you from Michigan? Yes, I am from Michigan” (complete sentence). OR “Are you from Michigan?” “Yes, I am” (short answer) or negative “No, I’m not” (negative short answer).

Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
Yes, he is. No, he’s not.

No, he isn’t.
Yes, she is. No, she’s not.

No, she isn’t.
Yes, it is. No, it’s not.

No, it isn’t.
Yes, we are. No, we’re not.

No, we aren’t.
Yes, you are. No, you’re not.

No, you aren’t.
Yes, they are. No, they’re not.

No, they aren’t.

Table 9. Short Answers with “To Be”

Practice 12.

Review the questions you wrote in Practice 8. Ask the questions again, but answer using short answers. Write the short answers below.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

 

Writing

Use capital letters for names of people, places, and things and titles.

Use capital letters for the first word of a sentence.

 

Use a capital letter for the pronoun “I” anywhere in a sentence.

Use small letters for all words that are not names.

Use a period at the end of a sentence.

Use a period after abbreviations (Mr.   Mrs.    Ms.    Dr.)

Use an apostrophe (‘) in contractions.

 

 

Practice 13

Write the nouns you hear using a capital letter for names and a small letter for words that are not names (embed audio.)

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Practice 14

Complete the sentence. Then, copy the complete sentence. Make sure to use capital letters for the first word and for names and to use a period (.) at the end of the sentence.

My name is ___________________________.

____________________________________________

 

I am from _____________________________.

_______________________________________________

I’m from __________________________________.

_____________________________________________

I speak ______________________________.

___________________________________________

I live in ________________________________.

____________________________________________

My address is _________________________________.

_________________________________________

 

My classmate is __________________________________.

__________________________________________

He/She is from ___________________________.

___________________________________________

 

He’s/She’s from ________________________________.

 

Practice 15

Complete the application form giving your personal information. Use capital letters and periods where needed.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 1. Application

 

Practice 16

Write 5 sentences about yourself. Use capital letters and correct punctuation.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

ESOL Level 1 Grammar and Writing

Unit 1

 

To Be

The verb “to be” does NOT show action. This verb connects the noun or pronoun at the beginning of the sentence to the words that come after the verb. (attribute grammar book 1 p.9-10)

 

I am We are
You are You are 
He is   They are
She is  They are 
It is   They are  

Table 1. Verb “To Be” – Base Form

The noun or pronoun at the beginning of a sentence is called the SUBJECT. The noun, pronoun, or adjective that follows the verb “to be” is called the COMPLEMENT. When the verb in a sentence is a form of “to be”, the SUBJECT and the COMPLEMENT refer to the SAME person, place, or thing.

I am a teacher.          I = teacher

You are a student.    You = student

Detroit is big.            Detroit = big.

 

Nouns

Nouns name people (man, teacher), places (school, city), or things (book, paper).

 

Pronouns

Pronouns substitute for nouns.

 

I We 
You  You  
He    They  
She   They  
It    They   

Table 2. Subject Pronouns

Practice 1

Replace the nouns that are subjects in the sentences below with pronouns.

  1. The book ______ on the table.

 

  1. Marta _____ a student.

 

  1. The papers _______ on the desk.

 

  1. Dominguez and Ms. Yang _______ teachers.

 

  1. Dominguez __________ a teacher.

 

  1. The pen ______ blue.

 

  1. Susan and I _______ friends.

 

  1. Paolo _______ from Brazil.

 

  1. I ________ in class.

 

Practice 2

Use the correct base form of “to be” in the sentences below.

  1. The book ______ on the table.

 

  1. Marta ______ a student.

 

  1. The papers ______ on the desk.

 

  1. Dominguez and Ms. Yang ______ teachers.

 

  1. The pen ______ blue.

 

  1. Susan and I ______ friends.

 

  1. Paolo ______ from Brazil.

 

  1. I ______ in class.

 

Contractions

Contractions (embed pronunciation including reductions) are short forms of a subject pronoun and “to be”. In a contraction, an apostrophe (‘) substitutes for one of the letters in the verb. Listen to the pronunciation of the contractions.

 

I am = I’m We are = We’re
You are = You’re You are = You’re 
He is = He’s   They are = They’re
She is = She’s  They are = They’re 
It is = It’s  They are = They’re  

Table 3. Contractions with “To Be”

 

Practice 3. (embed listening practice for contractions match full word)

You will hear a sentence using a contraction. Write the letter of the sentence beside the full form of the pronoun and verb that matches the contraction you hear.

  1. I am _______________

 

  1. He is _______________

 

 

  1. She is _______________

 

  1. It is _______________

 

 

  1. You are _______________

 

  1. We are _______________

 

 

  1. They are _______________

 

Practice 4 (embed picture match for to be sentences using contractions)

Write the letter of the sentence you hear beside the picture.

  (The book’s on the table.)
  (Ms. Yang’s a teacher.)
  (They’re in English class.)
  (He’s at home.)
  (They’re on the table.)
  (It’s on the table.)
  (I’m Dr. Mohammed.)

Table 4. Practice for Contractions.

Practice 5

Rewrite the sentences using contractions.

  1. It is a book.

___________________________________________________.

  1. He is a student.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. She is from Argentina.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. We are at school.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. They are in English class.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. The pen is on the table.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. Sam is at home.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. The students are in the classroom.

 

Word Order

Word order in English is very important. Words must be used in a specific order. Changing the word order in English changes the purpose of the word, which changes the meaning of the sentence.

In English, the Subject (the person or thing you are talking about) usually comes before the verb (the action or “to be”.)

Practice 6

In the sentences below, write S over the Subject and V over the Verb.

  1. It is a book.

 

  1. He is a student.

 

 

  1. She is from Argentina.

 

  1. We are at school.

 

  1. They are in English class.

 

  1. The pen is on the table.

 

  1. Sam is at home.

 

  1. The students are in the classroom.

 

Word Order for Questions with “To Be”

When you ask a question, and the verb is “to be”, the verb comes before the subject.

Am I? Are we?
Are you? Are you? 
Is he?   Are they?
Is she?  Are they? 
Is it?  Are they?  

Table 5. Word Order for Questions with “To Be”

 

 

 

Practice 7

Change the sentences below from statements to questions.

  1. It is a book.

_________a book?

 

  1. He is a student.

_________a student?

 

  1. She is from Argentina.

 

________from Argentina?

 

  1. We are at school.

 

________at school?

 

  1. They are in English class.

_________ in English class?

 

  1. The pen is on the table.

_________ on the table?

 

  1. Sam is at home.

____________ at home?

 

  1. The students are in the classroom.

_____________ in the classroom?

Practice 8.

Write 5 questions to ask your classmates. Then, ask your classmates the questions, and write their answers below your questions.

  1. Question __________________________________________?

Answer____________________________________________.

 

  1. Question___________________________________________?

Answer_____________________________________________.

 

  1. Question___________________________________________?

Answer_____________________________________________.

 

  1. Question___________________________________________?

Answer_____________________________________________.

 

  1. Question___________________________________________?

Answer_____________________________________________.

 

Word Order for Negatives with “To Be”

When you make a negative statement, “not” comes after the verb. The pattern is Subject Verb Not.

I am not. We are not.
You are not. You are not. 
He is not.  They are not.
They are not.  They are not. 
It is not.  They are not.  

Table 6. Word Order for Negatives with “To Be”

Practice 9

Change the sentences below to negative statements.

  1. It is a book.

_________a book.

 

  1. He is a student.

_________a student.

 

  1. She is from Argentina.

 

________from Argentina.

 

  1. We are at school.

 

________at school.

 

  1. They are in English class.

_________ in English class.

 

  1. The pen is on the table.

_________ on the table.

 

  1. Sam is at home.

____________ at home.

 

  1. The students are in the classroom.

_____________ in the classroom.

 

Negative Contractions

To use a negative form of a contraction, add “not” after the contraction: I’m not. You’re not. He’s not.

It is also possible to form a contraction for “is not” – “isn’t” and “are not” – “aren’t”.

Listen to the pronunciation of the negative contractions.

 

I am = I’m not                      We are = We’re not

    We aren’t
                 You are = You’re not

 You aren’t

                   You are = You’re not

  You aren’t
                     He is = He’s not

    He isn’t

                   They are = They’re not

  They aren’t
                      She is = She’s not

    She isn’t

                   They are = They’re not

  They aren’t
                             It is = It’s not

                     It isn’t

                 They are = They’re not

     They aren’t

Table 7. Negative Contractions with “To Be”

 

Practice 10. (embed listening practice for contractions match full word)

You will hear a sentence using a negative contraction. Write the letter of the sentence beside the full form of the pronoun and verb that matches the negative contraction you hear.

  1. I am not _______________

 

  1. He is not _______________

 

 

  1. She is not _______________

 

  1. It is not _______________

 

 

  1. You are not_______________

 

  1. We are not_______________

 

 

  1. They are not_______________

 

Practice 11 (embed picture match for to be sentences using contractions)

Write the letter of the sentence you hear beside the picture.

  (The book isn’t on the table.)
  (Ms. Yang isn’t a teacher.)
  (They aren’t in English class.)
  (He isn’t at home.)
  (They aren’t on the table.)
  (It’s not on the table.)
  (I’m not Dr. Mohammed.)

Table 8. Practice for Negative Contractions.

Short Answers

Sometimes, only a short answer to a question is required. Example: “Are you from Michigan? Yes, I am from Michigan” (complete sentence). OR “Are you from Michigan?” “Yes, I am” (short answer) or negative “No, I’m not” (negative short answer).

Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
Yes, he is. No, he’s not.

No, he isn’t.
Yes, she is. No, she’s not.

No, she isn’t.
Yes, it is. No, it’s not.

No, it isn’t.
Yes, we are. No, we’re not.

No, we aren’t.
Yes, you are. No, you’re not.

No, you aren’t.
Yes, they are. No, they’re not.

No, they aren’t.

Table 9. Short Answers with “To Be”

Practice 12.

Review the questions you wrote in Practice 8. Ask the questions again, but answer using short answers. Write the short answers below.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

 

Writing

Use capital letters for names of people, places, and things and titles.

Use capital letters for the first word of a sentence.

 

Use a capital letter for the pronoun “I” anywhere in a sentence.

Use small letters for all words that are not names.

Use a period at the end of a sentence.

Use a period after abbreviations (Mr.   Mrs.    Ms.    Dr.)

Use an apostrophe (‘) in contractions.

 

 

Practice 13

Write the nouns you hear using a capital letter for names and a small letter for words that are not names (embed audio.)

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Practice 14

Complete the sentence. Then, copy the complete sentence. Make sure to use capital letters for the first word and for names and to use a period (.) at the end of the sentence.

My name is ___________________________.

____________________________________________

 

I am from _____________________________.

_______________________________________________

I’m from __________________________________.

_____________________________________________

I speak ______________________________.

___________________________________________

I live in ________________________________.

____________________________________________

My address is _________________________________.

_________________________________________

 

My classmate is __________________________________.

__________________________________________

He/She is from ___________________________.

___________________________________________

 

He’s/She’s from ________________________________.

 

Practice 15

Complete the application form giving your personal information. Use capital letters and periods where needed.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 1. Application

 

Practice 16

Write 5 sentences about yourself. Use capital letters and correct punctuation.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

ESOL Level 1 Grammar and Writing

Unit 1

 

To Be

The verb “to be” does NOT show action. This verb connects the noun or pronoun at the beginning of the sentence to the words that come after the verb. (attribute grammar book 1 p.9-10)

 

I am We are
You are You are 
He is   They are
She is  They are 
It is   They are  

Table 1. Verb “To Be” – Base Form

The noun or pronoun at the beginning of a sentence is called the SUBJECT. The noun, pronoun, or adjective that follows the verb “to be” is called the COMPLEMENT. When the verb in a sentence is a form of “to be”, the SUBJECT and the COMPLEMENT refer to the SAME person, place, or thing.

I am a teacher.          I = teacher

You are a student.    You = student

Detroit is big.            Detroit = big.

 

Nouns

Nouns name people (man, teacher), places (school, city), or things (book, paper).

 

Pronouns

Pronouns substitute for nouns.

 

I We 
You  You  
He    They  
She   They  
It    They   

Table 2. Subject Pronouns

Practice 1

Replace the nouns that are subjects in the sentences below with pronouns.

  1. The book ______ on the table.

 

  1. Marta _____ a student.

 

  1. The papers _______ on the desk.

 

  1. Dominguez and Ms. Yang _______ teachers.

 

  1. Dominguez __________ a teacher.

 

  1. The pen ______ blue.

 

  1. Susan and I _______ friends.

 

  1. Paolo _______ from Brazil.

 

  1. I ________ in class.

 

Practice 2

Use the correct base form of “to be” in the sentences below.

  1. The book ______ on the table.

 

  1. Marta ______ a student.

 

  1. The papers ______ on the desk.

 

  1. Dominguez and Ms. Yang ______ teachers.

 

  1. The pen ______ blue.

 

  1. Susan and I ______ friends.

 

  1. Paolo ______ from Brazil.

 

  1. I ______ in class.

 

Contractions

Contractions (embed pronunciation including reductions) are short forms of a subject pronoun and “to be”. In a contraction, an apostrophe (‘) substitutes for one of the letters in the verb. Listen to the pronunciation of the contractions.

 

I am = I’m We are = We’re
You are = You’re You are = You’re 
He is = He’s   They are = They’re
She is = She’s  They are = They’re 
It is = It’s  They are = They’re  

Table 3. Contractions with “To Be”

 

Practice 3. (embed listening practice for contractions match full word)

You will hear a sentence using a contraction. Write the letter of the sentence beside the full form of the pronoun and verb that matches the contraction you hear.

  1. I am _______________

 

  1. He is _______________

 

 

  1. She is _______________

 

  1. It is _______________

 

 

  1. You are _______________

 

  1. We are _______________

 

 

  1. They are _______________

 

Practice 4 (embed picture match for to be sentences using contractions)

Write the letter of the sentence you hear beside the picture.

  (The book’s on the table.)
  (Ms. Yang’s a teacher.)
  (They’re in English class.)
  (He’s at home.)
  (They’re on the table.)
  (It’s on the table.)
  (I’m Dr. Mohammed.)

Table 4. Practice for Contractions.

Practice 5

Rewrite the sentences using contractions.

  1. It is a book.

___________________________________________________.

  1. He is a student.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. She is from Argentina.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. We are at school.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. They are in English class.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. The pen is on the table.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. Sam is at home.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. The students are in the classroom.

 

Word Order

Word order in English is very important. Words must be used in a specific order. Changing the word order in English changes the purpose of the word, which changes the meaning of the sentence.

In English, the Subject (the person or thing you are talking about) usually comes before the verb (the action or “to be”.)

Practice 6

In the sentences below, write S over the Subject and V over the Verb.

  1. It is a book.

 

  1. He is a student.

 

 

  1. She is from Argentina.

 

  1. We are at school.

 

  1. They are in English class.

 

  1. The pen is on the table.

 

  1. Sam is at home.

 

  1. The students are in the classroom.

 

Word Order for Questions with “To Be”

When you ask a question, and the verb is “to be”, the verb comes before the subject.

Am I? Are we?
Are you? Are you? 
Is he?   Are they?
Is she?  Are they? 
Is it?  Are they?  

Table 5. Word Order for Questions with “To Be”

 

 

 

Practice 7

Change the sentences below from statements to questions.

  1. It is a book.

_________a book?

 

  1. He is a student.

_________a student?

 

  1. She is from Argentina.

 

________from Argentina?

 

  1. We are at school.

 

________at school?

 

  1. They are in English class.

_________ in English class?

 

  1. The pen is on the table.

_________ on the table?

 

  1. Sam is at home.

____________ at home?

 

  1. The students are in the classroom.

_____________ in the classroom?

Practice 8.

Write 5 questions to ask your classmates. Then, ask your classmates the questions, and write their answers below your questions.

  1. Question __________________________________________?

Answer____________________________________________.

 

  1. Question___________________________________________?

Answer_____________________________________________.

 

  1. Question___________________________________________?

Answer_____________________________________________.

 

  1. Question___________________________________________?

Answer_____________________________________________.

 

  1. Question___________________________________________?

Answer_____________________________________________.

 

Word Order for Negatives with “To Be”

When you make a negative statement, “not” comes after the verb. The pattern is Subject Verb Not.

I am not. We are not.
You are not. You are not. 
He is not.  They are not.
They are not.  They are not. 
It is not.  They are not.  

Table 6. Word Order for Negatives with “To Be”

Practice 9

Change the sentences below to negative statements.

  1. It is a book.

_________a book.

 

  1. He is a student.

_________a student.

 

  1. She is from Argentina.

 

________from Argentina.

 

  1. We are at school.

 

________at school.

 

  1. They are in English class.

_________ in English class.

 

  1. The pen is on the table.

_________ on the table.

 

  1. Sam is at home.

____________ at home.

 

  1. The students are in the classroom.

_____________ in the classroom.

 

Negative Contractions

To use a negative form of a contraction, add “not” after the contraction: I’m not. You’re not. He’s not.

It is also possible to form a contraction for “is not” – “isn’t” and “are not” – “aren’t”.

Listen to the pronunciation of the negative contractions.

 

I am = I’m not                      We are = We’re not

    We aren’t
                 You are = You’re not

 You aren’t

                   You are = You’re not

  You aren’t
                     He is = He’s not

    He isn’t

                   They are = They’re not

  They aren’t
                      She is = She’s not

    She isn’t

                   They are = They’re not

  They aren’t
                             It is = It’s not

                     It isn’t

                 They are = They’re not

     They aren’t

Table 7. Negative Contractions with “To Be”

 

Practice 10. (embed listening practice for contractions match full word)

You will hear a sentence using a negative contraction. Write the letter of the sentence beside the full form of the pronoun and verb that matches the negative contraction you hear.

  1. I am not _______________

 

  1. He is not _______________

 

 

  1. She is not _______________

 

  1. It is not _______________

 

 

  1. You are not_______________

 

  1. We are not_______________

 

 

  1. They are not_______________

 

Practice 11 (embed picture match for to be sentences using contractions)

Write the letter of the sentence you hear beside the picture.

  (The book isn’t on the table.)
  (Ms. Yang isn’t a teacher.)
  (They aren’t in English class.)
  (He isn’t at home.)
  (They aren’t on the table.)
  (It’s not on the table.)
  (I’m not Dr. Mohammed.)

Table 8. Practice for Negative Contractions.

Short Answers

Sometimes, only a short answer to a question is required. Example: “Are you from Michigan? Yes, I am from Michigan” (complete sentence). OR “Are you from Michigan?” “Yes, I am” (short answer) or negative “No, I’m not” (negative short answer).

Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
Yes, he is. No, he’s not.

No, he isn’t.
Yes, she is. No, she’s not.

No, she isn’t.
Yes, it is. No, it’s not.

No, it isn’t.
Yes, we are. No, we’re not.

No, we aren’t.
Yes, you are. No, you’re not.

No, you aren’t.
Yes, they are. No, they’re not.

No, they aren’t.

Table 9. Short Answers with “To Be”

Practice 12.

Review the questions you wrote in Practice 8. Ask the questions again, but answer using short answers. Write the short answers below.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

 

Writing

Use capital letters for names of people, places, and things and titles.

Use capital letters for the first word of a sentence.

 

Use a capital letter for the pronoun “I” anywhere in a sentence.

Use small letters for all words that are not names.

Use a period at the end of a sentence.

Use a period after abbreviations (Mr.   Mrs.    Ms.    Dr.)

Use an apostrophe (‘) in contractions.

 

 

Practice 13

Write the nouns you hear using a capital letter for names and a small letter for words that are not names (embed audio.)

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Practice 14

Complete the sentence. Then, copy the complete sentence. Make sure to use capital letters for the first word and for names and to use a period (.) at the end of the sentence.

My name is ___________________________.

____________________________________________

 

I am from _____________________________.

_______________________________________________

I’m from __________________________________.

_____________________________________________

I speak ______________________________.

___________________________________________

I live in ________________________________.

____________________________________________

My address is _________________________________.

_________________________________________

 

My classmate is __________________________________.

__________________________________________

He/She is from ___________________________.

___________________________________________

 

He’s/She’s from ________________________________.

 

Practice 15

Complete the application form giving your personal information. Use capital letters and periods where needed.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 1. Application

 

Practice 16

Write 5 sentences about yourself. Use capital letters and correct punctuation.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

ESOL Level 1 Grammar and Writing

Unit 1

 

To Be

The verb “to be” does NOT show action. This verb connects the noun or pronoun at the beginning of the sentence to the words that come after the verb. (attribute grammar book 1 p.9-10)

 

I am We are
You are You are 
He is   They are
She is  They are 
It is   They are  

Table 1. Verb “To Be” – Base Form

The noun or pronoun at the beginning of a sentence is called the SUBJECT. The noun, pronoun, or adjective that follows the verb “to be” is called the COMPLEMENT. When the verb in a sentence is a form of “to be”, the SUBJECT and the COMPLEMENT refer to the SAME person, place, or thing.

I am a teacher.          I = teacher

You are a student.    You = student

Detroit is big.            Detroit = big.

 

Nouns

Nouns name people (man, teacher), places (school, city), or things (book, paper).

 

Pronouns

Pronouns substitute for nouns.

 

I We 
You  You  
He    They  
She   They  
It    They   

Table 2. Subject Pronouns

Practice 1

Replace the nouns that are subjects in the sentences below with pronouns.

  1. The book ______ on the table.

 

  1. Marta _____ a student.

 

  1. The papers _______ on the desk.

 

  1. Dominguez and Ms. Yang _______ teachers.

 

  1. Dominguez __________ a teacher.

 

  1. The pen ______ blue.

 

  1. Susan and I _______ friends.

 

  1. Paolo _______ from Brazil.

 

  1. I ________ in class.

 

Practice 2

Use the correct base form of “to be” in the sentences below.

  1. The book ______ on the table.

 

  1. Marta ______ a student.

 

  1. The papers ______ on the desk.

 

  1. Dominguez and Ms. Yang ______ teachers.

 

  1. The pen ______ blue.

 

  1. Susan and I ______ friends.

 

  1. Paolo ______ from Brazil.

 

  1. I ______ in class.

 

Contractions

Contractions (embed pronunciation including reductions) are short forms of a subject pronoun and “to be”. In a contraction, an apostrophe (‘) substitutes for one of the letters in the verb. Listen to the pronunciation of the contractions.

 

I am = I’m We are = We’re
You are = You’re You are = You’re 
He is = He’s   They are = They’re
She is = She’s  They are = They’re 
It is = It’s  They are = They’re  

Table 3. Contractions with “To Be”

 

Practice 3. (embed listening practice for contractions match full word)

You will hear a sentence using a contraction. Write the letter of the sentence beside the full form of the pronoun and verb that matches the contraction you hear.

  1. I am _______________

 

  1. He is _______________

 

 

  1. She is _______________

 

  1. It is _______________

 

 

  1. You are _______________

 

  1. We are _______________

 

 

  1. They are _______________

 

Practice 4 (embed picture match for to be sentences using contractions)

Write the letter of the sentence you hear beside the picture.

  (The book’s on the table.)
  (Ms. Yang’s a teacher.)
  (They’re in English class.)
  (He’s at home.)
  (They’re on the table.)
  (It’s on the table.)
  (I’m Dr. Mohammed.)

Table 4. Practice for Contractions.

Practice 5

Rewrite the sentences using contractions.

  1. It is a book.

___________________________________________________.

  1. He is a student.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. She is from Argentina.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. We are at school.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. They are in English class.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. The pen is on the table.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. Sam is at home.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. The students are in the classroom.

 

Word Order

Word order in English is very important. Words must be used in a specific order. Changing the word order in English changes the purpose of the word, which changes the meaning of the sentence.

In English, the Subject (the person or thing you are talking about) usually comes before the verb (the action or “to be”.)

Practice 6

In the sentences below, write S over the Subject and V over the Verb.

  1. It is a book.

 

  1. He is a student.

 

 

  1. She is from Argentina.

 

  1. We are at school.

 

  1. They are in English class.

 

  1. The pen is on the table.

 

  1. Sam is at home.

 

  1. The students are in the classroom.

 

Word Order for Questions with “To Be”

When you ask a question, and the verb is “to be”, the verb comes before the subject.

Am I? Are we?
Are you? Are you? 
Is he?   Are they?
Is she?  Are they? 
Is it?  Are they?  

Table 5. Word Order for Questions with “To Be”

 

 

 

Practice 7

Change the sentences below from statements to questions.

  1. It is a book.

_________a book?

 

  1. He is a student.

_________a student?

 

  1. She is from Argentina.

 

________from Argentina?

 

  1. We are at school.

 

________at school?

 

  1. They are in English class.

_________ in English class?

 

  1. The pen is on the table.

_________ on the table?

 

  1. Sam is at home.

____________ at home?

 

  1. The students are in the classroom.

_____________ in the classroom?

Practice 8.

Write 5 questions to ask your classmates. Then, ask your classmates the questions, and write their answers below your questions.

  1. Question __________________________________________?

Answer____________________________________________.

 

  1. Question___________________________________________?

Answer_____________________________________________.

 

  1. Question___________________________________________?

Answer_____________________________________________.

 

  1. Question___________________________________________?

Answer_____________________________________________.

 

  1. Question___________________________________________?

Answer_____________________________________________.

 

Word Order for Negatives with “To Be”

When you make a negative statement, “not” comes after the verb. The pattern is Subject Verb Not.

I am not. We are not.
You are not. You are not. 
He is not.  They are not.
They are not.  They are not. 
It is not.  They are not.  

Table 6. Word Order for Negatives with “To Be”

Practice 9

Change the sentences below to negative statements.

  1. It is a book.

_________a book.

 

  1. He is a student.

_________a student.

 

  1. She is from Argentina.

 

________from Argentina.

 

  1. We are at school.

 

________at school.

 

  1. They are in English class.

_________ in English class.

 

  1. The pen is on the table.

_________ on the table.

 

  1. Sam is at home.

____________ at home.

 

  1. The students are in the classroom.

_____________ in the classroom.

 

Negative Contractions

To use a negative form of a contraction, add “not” after the contraction: I’m not. You’re not. He’s not.

It is also possible to form a contraction for “is not” – “isn’t” and “are not” – “aren’t”.

Listen to the pronunciation of the negative contractions.

 

I am = I’m not                      We are = We’re not

    We aren’t
                 You are = You’re not

 You aren’t

                   You are = You’re not

  You aren’t
                     He is = He’s not

    He isn’t

                   They are = They’re not

  They aren’t
                      She is = She’s not

    She isn’t

                   They are = They’re not

  They aren’t
                             It is = It’s not

                     It isn’t

                 They are = They’re not

     They aren’t

Table 7. Negative Contractions with “To Be”

 

Practice 10. (embed listening practice for contractions match full word)

You will hear a sentence using a negative contraction. Write the letter of the sentence beside the full form of the pronoun and verb that matches the negative contraction you hear.

  1. I am not _______________

 

  1. He is not _______________

 

 

  1. She is not _______________

 

  1. It is not _______________

 

 

  1. You are not_______________

 

  1. We are not_______________

 

 

  1. They are not_______________

 

Practice 11 (embed picture match for to be sentences using contractions)

Write the letter of the sentence you hear beside the picture.

  (The book isn’t on the table.)
  (Ms. Yang isn’t a teacher.)
  (They aren’t in English class.)
  (He isn’t at home.)
  (They aren’t on the table.)
  (It’s not on the table.)
  (I’m not Dr. Mohammed.)

Table 8. Practice for Negative Contractions.

Short Answers

Sometimes, only a short answer to a question is required. Example: “Are you from Michigan? Yes, I am from Michigan” (complete sentence). OR “Are you from Michigan?” “Yes, I am” (short answer) or negative “No, I’m not” (negative short answer).

Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
Yes, he is. No, he’s not.

No, he isn’t.
Yes, she is. No, she’s not.

No, she isn’t.
Yes, it is. No, it’s not.

No, it isn’t.
Yes, we are. No, we’re not.

No, we aren’t.
Yes, you are. No, you’re not.

No, you aren’t.
Yes, they are. No, they’re not.

No, they aren’t.

Table 9. Short Answers with “To Be”

Practice 12.

Review the questions you wrote in Practice 8. Ask the questions again, but answer using short answers. Write the short answers below.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

 

Writing

Use capital letters for names of people, places, and things and titles.

Use capital letters for the first word of a sentence.

 

Use a capital letter for the pronoun “I” anywhere in a sentence.

Use small letters for all words that are not names.

Use a period at the end of a sentence.

Use a period after abbreviations (Mr.   Mrs.    Ms.    Dr.)

Use an apostrophe (‘) in contractions.

 

 

Practice 13

Write the nouns you hear using a capital letter for names and a small letter for words that are not names (embed audio.)

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Practice 14

Complete the sentence. Then, copy the complete sentence. Make sure to use capital letters for the first word and for names and to use a period (.) at the end of the sentence.

My name is ___________________________.

____________________________________________

 

I am from _____________________________.

_______________________________________________

I’m from __________________________________.

_____________________________________________

I speak ______________________________.

___________________________________________

I live in ________________________________.

____________________________________________

My address is _________________________________.

_________________________________________

 

My classmate is __________________________________.

__________________________________________

He/She is from ___________________________.

___________________________________________

 

He’s/She’s from ________________________________.

 

Practice 15

Complete the application form giving your personal information. Use capital letters and periods where needed.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 1. Application

 

Practice 16

Write 5 sentences about yourself. Use capital letters and correct punctuation.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

 

ESOL Level 1 Grammar and Writing

Unit 1

 

To Be

The verb “to be” does NOT show action. This verb connects the noun or pronoun at the beginning of the sentence to the words that come after the verb. (attribute grammar book 1 p.9-10)

 

I am We are
You are You are 
He is   They are
She is  They are 
It is   They are  

Table 1. Verb “To Be” – Base Form

The noun or pronoun at the beginning of a sentence is called the SUBJECT. The noun, pronoun, or adjective that follows the verb “to be” is called the COMPLEMENT. When the verb in a sentence is a form of “to be”, the SUBJECT and the COMPLEMENT refer to the SAME person, place, or thing.

I am a teacher.          I = teacher

You are a student.    You = student

Detroit is big.            Detroit = big.

 

Nouns

Nouns name people (man, teacher), places (school, city), or things (book, paper).

 

Pronouns

Pronouns substitute for nouns.

 

I We 
You  You  
He    They  
She   They  
It    They   

Table 2. Subject Pronouns

Practice 1

Replace the nouns that are subjects in the sentences below with pronouns.

  1. The book ______ on the table.

 

  1. Marta _____ a student.

 

  1. The papers _______ on the desk.

 

  1. Dominguez and Ms. Yang _______ teachers.

 

  1. Dominguez __________ a teacher.

 

  1. The pen ______ blue.

 

  1. Susan and I _______ friends.

 

  1. Paolo _______ from Brazil.

 

  1. I ________ in class.

 

Practice 2

Use the correct base form of “to be” in the sentences below.

  1. The book ______ on the table.

 

  1. Marta ______ a student.

 

  1. The papers ______ on the desk.

 

  1. Dominguez and Ms. Yang ______ teachers.

 

  1. The pen ______ blue.

 

  1. Susan and I ______ friends.

 

  1. Paolo ______ from Brazil.

 

  1. I ______ in class.

 

Contractions

Contractions (embed pronunciation including reductions) are short forms of a subject pronoun and “to be”. In a contraction, an apostrophe (‘) substitutes for one of the letters in the verb. Listen to the pronunciation of the contractions.

 

I am = I’m We are = We’re
You are = You’re You are = You’re 
He is = He’s   They are = They’re
She is = She’s  They are = They’re 
It is = It’s  They are = They’re  

Table 3. Contractions with “To Be”

 

Practice 3. (embed listening practice for contractions match full word)

You will hear a sentence using a contraction. Write the letter of the sentence beside the full form of the pronoun and verb that matches the contraction you hear.

  1. I am _______________

 

  1. He is _______________

 

 

  1. She is _______________

 

  1. It is _______________

 

 

  1. You are _______________

 

  1. We are _______________

 

 

  1. They are _______________

 

Practice 4 (embed picture match for to be sentences using contractions)

Write the letter of the sentence you hear beside the picture.

  (The book’s on the table.)
  (Ms. Yang’s a teacher.)
  (They’re in English class.)
  (He’s at home.)
  (They’re on the table.)
  (It’s on the table.)
  (I’m Dr. Mohammed.)

Table 4. Practice for Contractions.

Practice 5

Rewrite the sentences using contractions.

  1. It is a book.

___________________________________________________.

  1. He is a student.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. She is from Argentina.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. We are at school.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. They are in English class.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. The pen is on the table.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. Sam is at home.

_____________________________________________________.

 

  1. The students are in the classroom.

 

Word Order

Word order in English is very important. Words must be used in a specific order. Changing the word order in English changes the purpose of the word, which changes the meaning of the sentence.

In English, the Subject (the person or thing you are talking about) usually comes before the verb (the action or “to be”.)

Practice 6

In the sentences below, write S over the Subject and V over the Verb.

  1. It is a book.

 

  1. He is a student.

 

 

  1. She is from Argentina.

 

  1. We are at school.

 

  1. They are in English class.

 

  1. The pen is on the table.

 

  1. Sam is at home.

 

  1. The students are in the classroom.

 

Word Order for Questions with “To Be”

When you ask a question, and the verb is “to be”, the verb comes before the subject.

Am I? Are we?
Are you? Are you? 
Is he?   Are they?
Is she?  Are they? 
Is it?  Are they?  

Table 5. Word Order for Questions with “To Be”

 

 

 

Practice 7

Change the sentences below from statements to questions.

  1. It is a book.

_________a book?

 

  1. He is a student.

_________a student?

 

  1. She is from Argentina.

 

________from Argentina?

 

  1. We are at school.

 

________at school?

 

  1. They are in English class.

_________ in English class?

 

  1. The pen is on the table.

_________ on the table?

 

  1. Sam is at home.

____________ at home?

 

  1. The students are in the classroom.

_____________ in the classroom?

Practice 8.

Write 5 questions to ask your classmates. Then, ask your classmates the questions, and write their answers below your questions.

  1. Question __________________________________________?

Answer____________________________________________.

 

  1. Question___________________________________________?

Answer_____________________________________________.

 

  1. Question___________________________________________?

Answer_____________________________________________.

 

  1. Question___________________________________________?

Answer_____________________________________________.

 

  1. Question___________________________________________?

Answer_____________________________________________.

 

Word Order for Negatives with “To Be”

When you make a negative statement, “not” comes after the verb. The pattern is Subject Verb Not.

I am not. We are not.
You are not. You are not. 
He is not.  They are not.
They are not.  They are not. 
It is not.  They are not.  

Table 6. Word Order for Negatives with “To Be”

Practice 9

Change the sentences below to negative statements.

  1. It is a book.

_________a book.

 

  1. He is a student.

_________a student.

 

  1. She is from Argentina.

 

________from Argentina.

 

  1. We are at school.

 

________at school.

 

  1. They are in English class.

_________ in English class.

 

  1. The pen is on the table.

_________ on the table.

 

  1. Sam is at home.

____________ at home.

 

  1. The students are in the classroom.

_____________ in the classroom.

 

Negative Contractions

To use a negative form of a contraction, add “not” after the contraction: I’m not. You’re not. He’s not.

It is also possible to form a contraction for “is not” – “isn’t” and “are not” – “aren’t”.

Listen to the pronunciation of the negative contractions.

 

I am = I’m not                      We are = We’re not

    We aren’t
                 You are = You’re not

 You aren’t

                   You are = You’re not

  You aren’t
                     He is = He’s not

    He isn’t

                   They are = They’re not

  They aren’t
                      She is = She’s not

    She isn’t

                   They are = They’re not

  They aren’t
                             It is = It’s not

                     It isn’t

                 They are = They’re not

     They aren’t

Table 7. Negative Contractions with “To Be”

 

Practice 10. (embed listening practice for contractions match full word)

You will hear a sentence using a negative contraction. Write the letter of the sentence beside the full form of the pronoun and verb that matches the negative contraction you hear.

  1. I am not _______________

 

  1. He is not _______________

 

 

  1. She is not _______________

 

  1. It is not _______________

 

 

  1. You are not_______________

 

  1. We are not_______________

 

 

  1. They are not_______________

 

Practice 11 (embed picture match for to be sentences using contractions)

Write the letter of the sentence you hear beside the picture.

  (The book isn’t on the table.)
  (Ms. Yang isn’t a teacher.)
  (They aren’t in English class.)
  (He isn’t at home.)
  (They aren’t on the table.)
  (It’s not on the table.)
  (I’m not Dr. Mohammed.)

Table 8. Practice for Negative Contractions.

Short Answers

Sometimes, only a short answer to a question is required. Example: “Are you from Michigan? Yes, I am from Michigan” (complete sentence). OR “Are you from Michigan?” “Yes, I am” (short answer) or negative “No, I’m not” (negative short answer).

Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
Yes, he is. No, he’s not.

No, he isn’t.
Yes, she is. No, she’s not.

No, she isn’t.
Yes, it is. No, it’s not.

No, it isn’t.
Yes, we are. No, we’re not.

No, we aren’t.
Yes, you are. No, you’re not.

No, you aren’t.
Yes, they are. No, they’re not.

No, they aren’t.

Table 9. Short Answers with “To Be”

Practice 12.

Review the questions you wrote in Practice 8. Ask the questions again, but answer using short answers. Write the short answers below.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

 

Writing

Use capital letters for names of people, places, and things and titles.

Use capital letters for the first word of a sentence.

 

Use a capital letter for the pronoun “I” anywhere in a sentence.

Use small letters for all words that are not names.

Use a period at the end of a sentence.

Use a period after abbreviations (Mr.   Mrs.    Ms.    Dr.)

Use an apostrophe (‘) in contractions.

 

 

Practice 13

Write the nouns you hear using a capital letter for names and a small letter for words that are not names (embed audio.)

 

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Practice 14

Complete the sentence. Then, copy the complete sentence. Make sure to use capital letters for the first word and for names and to use a period (.) at the end of the sentence.

My name is ___________________________.

____________________________________________

 

I am from _____________________________.

_______________________________________________

I’m from __________________________________.

_____________________________________________

I speak ______________________________.

___________________________________________

I live in ________________________________.

____________________________________________

My address is _________________________________.

_________________________________________

 

My classmate is __________________________________.

__________________________________________

He/She is from ___________________________.

___________________________________________

 

He’s/She’s from ________________________________.

 

Practice 15

Complete the application form giving your personal information. Use capital letters and periods where needed.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 1. Application

 

Practice 16

Write 5 sentences about yourself. Use capital letters and correct punctuation.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

 

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *